1.School of Resources, Environment and Materials, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
2.Guangxi Branch of Aluminum Corporation of China Limited, Nanning 531400, China
3.Natural Resources Ecological Restoration Center of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Technical Innovation Center of Mine Geological Environmental Restoration Engineering in Southern Karst Area, Ministry of Natural Resources, Nanning 530028, China
Activated alumina is the most commonly used adsorbent for fluorine removal, in order to further improve the fluorine adsorption performance of activated alumina, two modified adsorbent materials, lanthanum-loaded activated alumina (AA/La) and cerium-loaded activated alumina (AA/Ce), were prepared by impregnating activated alumina (AA) with lanthanum nitrate and cerium nitrate solution modification. Experiments showed that the fluorine adsorption rates of AA/La and AA/Ce reached 74.40% and 90.23%, respectively, at an initial fluorine concentration of 300 mg/L and pH=3.0, which were significantly improved compared with that of unmodified AA (69.87%). The maximum adsorption rate of AA/La could reach 99.8%. The adsorption process conformed to the proposed secondary kinetic model and Langmuir adsorption isotherm (R2>0.99). The adsorption mechanism is that the material realizes fluorine adsorption through the ion exchange of surface hydroxyl groups and the coordination between La/Ce and F-. The results provide an experimental basis for the development of rare earth-modified adsorbents.
此外,O1s和Al2p区域的高分辨XPS谱图如图14和图15所示。由图14(a) 可知,吸附前,活性氧化铝的O1s峰被拟合为531.65、530.45 eV 2个分峰,分别对应—OH和M—O[29];吸附F-后,相应的结合能分别偏移至531.35、530.20 eV。由图14(b) 可知,吸附前,载镧活性氧化铝的O1s峰被拟合为531.55、530.30 eV 2个分峰,分别对应—OH和M—O;吸附F-后,相应的结合能分别偏移至531.22、530.07 eV。由图14(c) 可知,吸附前,载铈活性氧化铝的O1s峰被拟合为531.50、530.12 eV 2个分峰,分别对应—OH和M—O;吸附F-后,相应的结合能分别偏移至531.41、530.06 eV。通过数据对比可知,M—O的偏移比—OH小,可忽略不计。这表明,在吸附过程中,F-主要与-OH结合,吸附剂中的-OH键与溶液中的F-发生了离子交换作用。
由图15(a) 可知,吸附前,活性氧化铝的Al2p区域的峰被拟合为73.83、74.77 eV 2个分峰,分别对应Al—O和Al—OH;吸附F-后,对应的结合能分别偏移到73.74、74.38 eV,并在75.29 eV处出现了Al—F的峰。由图15(b) 可知,吸附前,载镧活性氧化铝的Al2p峰被拟合为73.97、74.80 eV 2个分峰,分别对应Al—O和Al—OH[19];吸附F-后,对应的结合能分别偏移到73.70、74.40 eV,还在75.65 eV处出现了Al—F的峰。由图15(c) 可知,吸附前,载铈活性氧化铝的Al2p峰被拟合为73.71、74.25 eV 2个分峰,分别对应Al—O和Al—OH;吸附F-后,对应的结合能分别偏移到73.65、74.18 eV,并在75.17 eV出现了Al—F的峰。由此可知,Al与F-在吸附过程中形成了Al—F键。由图16的F、La和Ce的高分辨率谱图可知,La和Ce已成功负载在吸附剂上,且F-已成功被吸附于吸附剂上。
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