The article focuses on a commercial granular aluminum-based lithium adsorbent, investigating its lithium adsorption and extraction performance in the brine of Qarhan Salt Lake. The effects of adsorbent dosage, pH, and initial Li⁺ concentration on lithium adsorption performance were examined. The morphology of the adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and its separation performance and cyclic stability were evaluated. The results indicate that when the initial Li⁺ concentration was 170 mg/L and the reaction temperature was 30 ℃, the Li⁺ adsorption rate increased from 8.46% to 90.98% with an increase in adsorbent dosage. Additionally, the adsorption capacity was minimally affected by pH variations within the range of 2 to 8. SEM and XRD analyses revealed that the adsorbent has a high surface roughness and is primarily composed of lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxide. The distribution coefficient of the adsorbent for Li⁺ (Kd = 718.52) was significantly higher than that for other cations. Moreover, the adsorbent maintained good adsorption performance after 20 cycles, with a stable adsorption capacity of approximately 4 mg/g. The adsorption kinetic fitting results showed that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided a better fit compared to the pseudo-first-order kinetic model, suggesting that chemical adsorption is likely the primary rate-limiting step in the Li⁺ adsorption process. Adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption process involves both homogeneous and heterogeneous interactions.
为进一步评估吸附剂的工业化潜力,开展了固定床柱吸附实验,C0为初始浓度,Ct 为t时刻浓度,Ct 与C0的比值为t时刻溶液中剩余吸附质的比例,用来评估吸附效率,结果如图10所示。可以看出,随着运行时间的延长,出水瞬时浓度呈上升趋势,吸附能力相应降低。吸附过程可分为3个阶段:0~0.5 h (0~1.5 BV),吸附剂活性位点在初始接触时迅速被占据;0.5~2.5 h (1.5~7.5 BV),随着时间推移,污染物逐渐扩散至吸附剂内部孔隙,更多活性位点被利用,吸附效率高;2.5~4.0 h (7.5~12.0 BV),吸附剂活性位点利用率达到动态平衡,出水浓度维持稳定。本文所得结论可为工程实践中的工艺参数决策提供数据支撑与理论依据,并对工程化应用提供可量化的参考基准。
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