聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物降阻剂的研究进展

Research Progress of Polyacrylamide-based Polymer Drag Reducer

摘要

地层深处页岩油气资源的开采，往往通过向地层输送压裂液来实现。然而，高流量输送压裂液时，管道内会出现紊流现象，损耗大量动能，最终导致导流效果无法达到预期。在压裂液中加入降阻剂来缓解湍流层的扰动，可有效缓解这一状况，其中，聚丙烯酰胺类聚合物降阻剂以其优异的水溶性以及较好的耐剪切性能，得到了研究者们的青睐。文章介绍了压裂工艺所用的降阻剂，着重分析了聚丙烯酰胺类降阻剂的种类及降阻机理，简述了聚丙烯酰胺类降阻剂在工业中的实际应用，并展望了其发展方向。

Abstract

The extraction of shale oil and gas resources deep in the formation is often carried out by transporting fracturing fluid to the formation for diversion and resource enrichment. However, when transporting fracturing fluid at high flow rates, turbulent flow occurs in the pipeline, causing significant loss of kinetic energy and ultimately resulting in the failure of the fracturing fluid to achieve the expected diversion effect. By adding drag reducers to the fracturing fluid to alleviate the disturbance of turbulent layers, this situation can be effectively alleviated. Among them, polyacrylamide-based polymer drag reducers have been favored by researchers for their excellent water solubility and good shear resistance. This article introduces the classification of drag reducers used in hydraulic fracturing technology, with a focus on the detailed explanation of the drag reduction mechanism and types of polyacrylamide-based polymer drag reducers. Finally, the practical application of polyacrylamide-based polymer drag reducers in industry is briefly described, and the future development direction of this type of drag reducers is also discussed.

Graphical abstract

关键词

压裂液 / 降阻剂 / 降阻机理 / 聚丙烯酰胺

Key words

Fracturing fluid / Drag reducers / Drag reduction mechanism / Polyacrylamide