水中痕量重金属元素快速检测技术
许淑丽 , 隋勤全 , 王宏伟 , 鞠佳楠 , 范述全 , 杨灵燕 , 李明玮 , 阎虎生
离子交换与吸附 ›› 2025, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (06) : 522 -527.
水中痕量重金属元素快速检测技术
A Fast-Screening Method to Detect Trace Heavy Metals in Water
文章提出了一种由专用的阳离子富集池富集水中重金属元素后,采用手持式 X 射线荧光光谱 (XRF) 仪测定的水中痕量重金属元素的快速检测方法。通过优化富集流量、富集体积及样品pH值等关键参数,确定了最佳富集条件:富集流量为20 mL/min、富集体积为200 mL、样品pH为5~6。在此条件下,该方法对铅、锌、铜等常见重金属的检出限可达0.013~0.019 mg/L,除低浓度 (0.05 mg/L) 的铁和铜外,其他金属离子的相对标准偏差为3%~18%,低浓度铁和铜的相对标准偏差为23%~25%;实际样品加标回收率除铁元素外为81%~101%,铁元素的回收率为111.1%。实验结果表明,水样经阳离子富集池富集后有效提升了手持式XRF仪的检测灵敏度,该方法操作简便、检测快速,适用于现场及实验室环境下重金属的快速筛查,为重金属环境应急污染监测与防控提供了新的技术手段。
A fast-screening method for detection of trace heavy metals in water was stablished. The method involves enriching heavy metals in water using a dedicated cation enrichment tank and then determining their concentrations using a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometer. By optimizing key parameters such as enrichment flow rate, enrichment volume, and sample pH, the optimal enrichment conditions were determined: an enrichment flow rate of 20 mL/min, an enrichment volume of 200 mL, and a sample pH of 5~6. Under these conditions, the detection limits for common heavy metals such as lead, zinc, and copper can reach 0.013~0.019 mg/L. Except for a low concentration (0.05 mg/L) of iron and copper, the relative standard deviations of other metal ions ranged from 3% to 18%, and the relative standard deviations for low concentrations of iron and copper ranged from 23% to 25%. The recovery rates of actual sample spiked additions, except for iron, were between 81% and 101%, and the recovery rate of iron is 111.1%. The results showed that the detection sensitivity of the handheld XRF spectrometer was greatly improved by the enrichment with the cation enrichment pool. This method is simple to operate and fast to screen heavy metals in water. It provides a new technical means for emergency pollution monitoring and prevention of heavy metals in the environment.
阳离子富集池 / 重金属 / 手持式X射线荧光光谱仪 / 快速筛查
Cation enrichment pool / Heavy metals / Handheld X-ray fluorescence spectrometer / Rapid screening
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