人类基因编辑技术伦理治理研究回顾与展望
Review and prospect of the research on ethical governance of human gene editing technology
人类基因编辑技术是对人类基因组或转录产物进行精确修饰的技术,其在临床实践与应用过程中存在着一系列伦理风险,带来了伦理治理问题。通过梳理人类基因编辑技术伦理风险治理的研究现状,指出中国目前对人类基因编辑技术的风险治理主要是从技术、伦理、法律等不同路径分别展开,缺少不同视域下的彼此关切,尚未建立起一套完善的人类基因编辑技术伦理治理的规则体系。建议要转变以往的事后治理方式,将预防、负责任、互惠的理念纳入基因编辑技术的治理过程之中,对技术与人、技术与生态之间的关系产生更多的思考,对技术、自然、生命产生更多的尊重、敬畏,以实现人与技术、人与自然的和谐共处。
Human gene editing technology is a technology that accurately modifies the human genome or transcription products. There are many ethical risks in its clinical practice and application, which presents challenges for ethical risk management. This paper reviews the current state of ethical risk management in human gene editing technology and highlights that in China, risk management is approached from various angles—technology, ethics, and law—without sufficient integration of these perspectives. A comprehensive system of ethical governance of human gene editing technology has not yet been established. It is suggested that the current post-event governance should be transformed, incorporating the concepts of prevention, responsibility, and reciprocity into the governance process of gene editing technology. This approach aims to foster deeper reflections on the relationships between technology and humanity, technology and ecology, and to cultivate greater respect and reverence for technology, nature, and life. Ultimately, it seeks to achieve harmonious coexistence between people and technology, as well as between people and nature.
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