以死者作为医学研究对象的伦理考量
陆朝龙 , 陈晓云 , 陈勇川 , 杨梦婕 , 刘强 , 蒋辉 , 陈仲林
中国医学伦理学 ›› 2025, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (11) : 1447 -1452.
以死者作为医学研究对象的伦理考量
Ethical considerations of using the deceased as medical research subjects
目前,中国以死者作为医学研究对象的相关法律法规尚不健全。将多方面论述了死者的定义和利益保护范围,认为:死者的利益保护范围包括精神性人格利益和以遗体为代表的物质性人格利益两部分。死者的精神性人格利益包括姓名、肖像、名誉、荣誉、隐私和个人信息等身份识别信息和医疗健康信息。死者的个人信息不受个体生死状态的直接影响,具有相对独立性。在伦理审查方面,研究团队从遗体和死者个人信息两个角度出发,以研究对象是否为人体为标准,将以死者遗体作为医学研究对象的研究认定为非临床研究;以是否进行人体临床操作为标准,将以死者个人信息(含医疗健康信息)为医学研究对象的研究认定为不进行人体研究操作的临床研究,为现有法律法规在伦理审查、备案管理方面的适用提供了论据。对医疗卫生机构开展研究者发起的临床研究的伦理审查,以及免除伦理审查的法规适用条件进行了探讨,对知情同意的形式、内容与获取进行了归纳,对该研究活动风险获益的特点进行了评估,以期为涉及以死者作为医学研究对象的研究活动的顺利合规实施提供依据。
The relevant laws and regulations regarding the utilization of the deceased as medical research subjects are not yet fully developed in China nowadays. Taking the deceased as research subjects as a starting point, this paper discussed the definition of the deceased and the scope of their interest protection from multiple perspectives. It posited that the scope of interest protection for the deceased encompassed two components: spiritual personality interests and material personality interests represented by the remains. The spiritual personality interests of the deceased included identification information such as name, portrait, reputation, honor, privacy, and personal information, as well as medical and health information. The personal information of the deceased was not directly affected by the individual’s life and death status and remained relatively independent. In terms of ethical review, the research team approached from two perspectives: the remains and the personal information of the deceased. Based on the standard of whether the research subjects involve a human body, research with the remains of the deceased as the medical research subjects was classified as non-clinical research. According to the standard of whether a human body is clinically operated, research with the personal information of the deceased (including medical and health information) as the medical research subjects was recognized as clinical research without human research operation. This approach provided evidence for the application of existing laws and regulations in ethical review and record management. The ethical review of investigator-initiated clinical research conducted in medical and health institutions, as well as the regulatory conditions for exemption from ethical review, were examined. The forms, content, and acquisition of informed consent were summarized, and the risk-benefit characteristics of the research activity were evaluated, with a view to providing a basis for the smooth and compliant implementation of research activities involving the deceased as medical research subjects.
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