生成式人工智能在智慧医疗中的伦理问题及对策研究
Research on ethical issues and countermeasures of generative artificial intelligence in smart healthcare
生成式人工智能在智慧医疗中的应用虽处于初步阶段,但是其所显露出来的伦理问题已经威胁到了患者的隐私权、知情权、生命健康权等权益,面对当前生成式人工智能的不确定性潜藏患者生命健康风险、模糊责任主体致使医疗事故难以追责、弱化医患主体地位激化医患矛盾的伦理问题,应剖析出其内在公共利益与个人权利的张力、道德主体与责任归属的错乱、工具理性与价值理性的博弈的实质,从解蔽智能技术局限、加强医疗伦理治理和正视技术工具属性着手,提出保障患者的生命健康、明确事故的责任认定以及强化医患主体地位的对策,从而推动人-机关系和谐发展。
Although the application of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in smart healthcare is still in its early stages, the ethical issues it has revealed already threaten patients’ rights to privacy, right to be informed, and right to life and health. In confronting the ethical challenges presented by generative AI, which include potential risks to patients’ lives and health due to the uncertainty of generative AI, difficulties in holding parties accountable for medical accidents due to the ambiguity of responsible subjects, and intensified doctor-patient conflicts resulting from the weakened subject status of both doctors and patients, it is necessary to analyze the essence of these ethical issues, namely, the tension between public interests and individual rights, the ambiguity of moral subjects and responsibility attribution, and the game between instrumental rationality and value rationality. Starting from revealing the limitations of generative AI, strengthening medical ethics governance, and recognizing the attributes of technological tools, this paper proposed countermeasures to protect patients’ lives and health, clarify the responsibility for accidents, and strengthen the subject status of doctors and patients, thereby promoting the harmonious development of human-machine relationships.
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