创新主体科技伦理治理能力建设:现状、问题与对策
Current situation, challenges, and countermeasures on the construction of scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of innovation entities
创新主体肩负着科技伦理管理的主体责任,了解中国创新主体当前科技伦理治理能力建设现状,有助于把握创新主体科技伦理治理成效与不足,为创新主体更好压实主体责任提供科学依据和实践指导。通过问卷调查,以313家创新主体为研究对象,从五个方面对中国创新主体科技伦理治理能力现状与面临的问题进行了调研分析。研究发现,中国科技伦理治理取得了一定的成效,但仍存在规制建设不完善、伦理审查效能不高、常态化教育培训体系尚未构建、伦理风险动态监测体系不健全等问题,其中企业科技伦理治理能力亟待提高;加强多元协同仍是构建协同共治科技伦理治理体系的难点。基于调研中发现的问题,从提升创新主体科技伦理治理的制度构建能力、伦理审查能力、价值传导能力、风险预警能力、协同治理能力五个方面提出对策建议,以期为加快推进科技伦理治理体系建设,提升创新主体科技伦理治理能力提供参考。
Innovation entities bear primary responsibility for the management of scientific and technological ethics. Understanding the current construction status of the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity among Chinese innovation entities is conducive to grasping effectiveness and shortcomings of scientific and technological ethical governance of innovation entities, providing a scientific basis and practical guidance for innovation entities to fulfill their primary responsibilities better. Based on a questionnaire survey targeting 313 innovation entities, this paper investigated and analyzed the current status and existing challenges of scientific and technological ethical governance capacity among Chinese innovation entities from five aspects. It was found that China has made certain achievements in scientific and technological ethical governance, yet there were still issues such as incomplete construction of regulatory systems, low efficiency of ethical review, unestablished regular education and training systems, and imperfect dynamic monitoring systems for ethical risks. Among these issues, the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of enterprises was identified as requiring urgent improvement. Additionally, strengthening multi-stakeholder collaboration remained a key challenge in building a collaborative and co-governance system for scientific and technological ethics. Based on these issues identified in the survey, countermeasures and suggestions were proposed from five perspectives, that is, enhancing the capacity in institutional construction, ethical review, value transmission, risk early warning, and collaborative governance of innovation entities on scientific and technological ethical governance. The aim was to provide references for accelerating the construction of the scientific and technological ethical governance system and improving the scientific and technological ethical governance capacity of innovation entities.
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