《易氏医按》医学叙事的文本细读与反思再现
马峰彪 , 刘思淇 , 熊益亮 , 彭超群 , 张其成
中国医学伦理学 ›› 2026, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (9) : 1237 -1244.
《易氏医按》医学叙事的文本细读与反思再现
Close reading and reflective representation of medical narratives in Yi’s Medical Case
叙事医学视域下,关注“三焦点”,结合“三要素”,立足“四关系”,使用“隐喻、时间、空间、声音”的细读框架,详细解读中医经典医案《易氏医按》医学叙事的思路与方法。细读发现,医案作者易大艮对时间、空间非常敏感,擅长于在生命自然节律的关注中梳理疾病发生发展的完整过程,在“身体—社会—自然”统一的天人场域中洞见疾病的全部真相。在诊疗中面向不同的主体,易大艮都拒绝单向的知识灌输,而选择平等的对话。尤善于使用隐喻工具,将晦涩的医理以生命经验的形式融入患者的疾病故事中,在不同主体间共识医学认知,完成疾病故事的“意义共创”。对细读的成果进行反思性再现,认为易大艮“脉—证—症—治”的诊疗叙事逻辑和兼具本体认知、诠释工具双重功能的隐喻叙事是促进共情、通向疗愈的重要手段,也是易大艮“以患者为中心”医学态度的集中体现。剖析易大艮精湛的叙事策略和技巧,可为当代医务人员叙事能力的培养提供智慧参照,为叙事医学的在地发展提供历史镜鉴。
From the perspective of narrative medicine, focusing on the “three focal points,” integrating the “three elements,” and grounding in the “four relationships,” this study employed a close reading framework of “metaphor, time, space, and voice” to conduct a detailed interpretation on the approach and methodology of the medical narrative in the classic traditional Chinese medical case record Yi’s Medical Case. The close reading revealed that the author of the case record, Yi Dagen, demonstrated exceptional sensitivity to time and space. He excelled in tracing the complete process of disease occurrence and development within the natural rhythms of life, and in discerning the full truth of disease within the unified “body-society-nature” heaven-human field. When facing different subjects in diagnosis and treatment, Yi Dagen consistently rejected one-way knowledge inculcation and instead chose egalitarian dialogue. He was particularly adept at using metaphorical tools to embed obscure medical theories into patients’ disease stories through the form of life experience, thereby building shared medical understanding among different subjects and achieving the “co-creation of meaning” of disease stories. Through a reflective representation of the findings from the close reading, it was argued that Yi Dagen’s diagnostic and therapeutic narrative logic of “pulse-pattern-symptom-treatment” and the metaphorical narrative possessing dual functions of ontological cognition and an interpretive tool were an important means for fostering empathy and facilitating healing, as well as a concentrated manifestation of Yi Dagen’s “patient-centered” medical attitude. Analyzing Yi Dagen’s sophisticated narrative strategies and techniques provides wisdom references for cultivating medical staff’s narrative competence and offers historical insights for the localized development of narrative medicine.
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