内蒙古正蓝旗夏季鸟类群落多样性及年际动态
红梅 , 乌义罕 , 宝金财 , 赵格日乐图
内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (03) : 267 -273.
内蒙古正蓝旗夏季鸟类群落多样性及年际动态
Summer Bird Community Diversity and Interannual Dynamics in Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia
采用样线法于2014—2023年,对正蓝旗境内湿地、沙地、草原3种生境夏季鸟类群落组成及分布特点进行了实地调查。共记录到鸟类122种,隶属于19目40科,其中非雀形目鸟类18目24科84种,雀形目鸟类16科38种。种类组成以雀形目、鸻形目和雁形目为主。居留型分布为夏候鸟71种,留鸟29种,旅鸟22种,夏候鸟占优势。国家Ⅰ级重点保护鸟类4种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护鸟类18种。3种生境中分布的鸟类分别为湿地(100种)、沙地(43种)、草原(29种)。8年间3种生境鸟类群落多样性相关指数有非周期性波动,其中草原生境鸟类群落多样性年际波动最大,湿地和沙地动态变化则相对平缓。单因素方差分析结果显示,Pielou均匀度指数和Simpson优势度指数差异不显著(P>0.05);湿地生境Patrick丰富度(52.880±6.312)和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(2.541±0.401)最高,显著高于沙地和草原生境的多样性指数。加强湿地生境鸟类监测与保护的同时,重视草原和沙地生境植被恢复,对正蓝旗夏季鸟类多样性保护具有重要意义。
From 2014 to 2023, field surveys were conducted in June and July using the line transect method to investigate the composition and distribution of summer bird communities across three habitats, i.e., wetlands, sandy lands, and grasslands, in Zhenglan Banner. A total of 122 bird species were recorded, belonging to 19 orders and 40 families. Non-passerine birds comprised 84 species across 18 orders and 24 families, while passerine birds included 38 species from 16 families. The species were dominated by Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, and Anseriformes. Resident types consisted of 71 summer migrants, 29 resident birds, and 22 travelers, with summer migrants being dominant. Four species were classified as key protected birds at national grade I, and 18 species as key protected birds at national grade Ⅱ. Bird distributions across the three habitats were as follows: wetlands (100 species), sandy lands (43 species), and grasslands (29 species). Over the eight-year period, diversity indices for bird communities in these habitats exhibited non-periodic fluctuations. The grassland habitat showed the greatest interannual fluctuations, while wetlands and sandy lands displayed relatively stable dynamics. One-way analysis of variance indicated no significant differences in Pielou evenness index and Simpson dominance index (P>0.05). Wetland habitats had the highest Patrick richness (52.880±6.312) and Shannon-Wiener diversity index (2.541±0.401), which significantly exceeded those of sandy lands and grasslands. Strengthening the bird monitoring and conservation of wetland habitats, alongside prioritizing vegetation restoration in grasslands and sandy lands, is crucial for protecting summer bird diversity in Zhenglan Banner.
Zhenglan Banner / summer birds / community diversity / interannual dynamics
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