印度早期三角学简史及今后研究展望
Brief History of Early Trigonometry in India and Future Research Prospects
三角学最早发源于古希腊,是天文学研究的重要工具。之后随着希腊天文学和占星术,三角学传至印度,得到印度天文学家的大幅改进,如改全弦为半弦、发展弦表计算方法等,深刻影响了三角学的理论发展。通过印度,三角学第一次传入中国和伊斯兰世界,构成数学知识在文明间交流的一个代表案例。对这时期的历史做出梳理和初步的探究可以看出,对三角学历史的研究将具有数学内史研究的学术意义、数学教育的现实意义,以及作为文明交流互鉴的代表意义这三个方面的重要价值。为此,以印度原典文献为基础,从理解概念算法到厘清理论整体流变将是未来印度三角学史研究的目标。
Trigonometry, which originated in ancient Greece, became a crucial tool in astronomical studies. As Greek astronomy and astrology spread, trigonometry was transmitted to India, where it was significantly developed by Indian astronomers. Key advancements included replacing the full chord with the half-chord and developing methods for calculating chord tables, which had a lasting influence on the theoretical development of trigonometry. From India, trigonometry was later introduced to China and the Islamic world, forming a representative case of the exchange of mathematical knowledge among civilizations. A review and preliminary exploration of this historical period suggest that the study of trigonometry’s history has academic value for the internal history of mathematics, practical relevance for mathematics education, and symbolic importance as an example of intercivilizational exchange. Therefore, future research on the history of trigonometry in India, based on Indian classical texts, should aim to deepen the understanding of its conceptual algorithms and clarify the overall development of its theoretical framework.
trigonometry / Indian mathematical astronomy / half-chord / intercivilizational exchange
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