The discovery of the Higgs boson at the large hadron collider (LHC) has led to the completion of the standard model (SM), but there are still many problems that cannot be perfectly explained within the SM framework. For example, the charge‑parity (CP) violation predicted by SM is insufficient to generate enough baryon number, thereby making it impossible to reasonably explain the observed matter⁃antimatter asymmetry in the universe. Under the Type Ⅰ/X of the CP‑conserving two Higgs doublet model (2HDM), this paper selected the CP‑even heavy Higgs boson as the SM‑like Higgs boson for research, and systematically analyzed the parameter regions in the model where a strong first⁃order electroweak phase transition may be produced. In the calculation, loop corrections were applied to the Higgs potential, and the effects of finite temperature field theory were considered to calculate the phase transition temperature. Meanwhile, all relevant theories and latest experimental constraints were taken into account. The results confirm that in the 2HDM Type Ⅰ/X, there still exists a large parameter space that satisfies the strong first‑order electroweak phase transition and can be observed by colliders.
Type Ⅰ型模型中的各参数之间的分布如图2所示。由图2(a)可知,全部参数点主要集中于60 GeV区域。当60 GeV时,随着h的质量增大,通过约束的点变多,满足强一阶电弱相变条件的参数点集中在。由图2(b)可知,点数在范围内分布较为均匀,多集中在5区域,彩色点左下角略密集,表明范围是较符合强一阶电弱相变条件的。
Type X型模型中的各希格斯玻色子之间的质量分布如图4所示。由图4(a)(b)可知,在Type X模型中,强一阶电弱相变条件将赝标量粒子的质量限制在范围,带电粒子的质量限制在(仅有少数异常值除外),并且在时,可实现最强电弱相变。这与上面Type Ⅰ类型的结果没有太大区别。图4(c)展示出全部参数点经过所有约束条件以及强一阶电弱相变要求后的与A的质量分布。强电弱相变在质量较低的区域是没有剩余点的。
Type X型模型中的各参数之间的质量分布如图5所示。相比图2、图5中能清楚看到,Type X满足的参数点集中在。强相变需求通过增强三线性耦合,进一步限定了的最优区间。这一现象表明,在2HDM中实现与现有数据兼容且支持强电弱相变的参数空间极具选择性,而是多重约束下的必然结果。在TypeⅠ和Type X模型中,较低的值易出现强一阶电弱相变。原因在于,B物理观测如对施加了严格限制,低既能满足这些质量限制,又能使Yukawa耦合与实验数据兼容。此外,电弱精密测试要求非类标准模型玻色子质量相近,低有助于减少质量分裂,从而满足这些参数的限制。
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