山西省雷电活动时空分布特征及定量化分级研究
魏丽云 , 周涛 , 周运丽 , 张倩倩 , 赵一帆 , 尚莹 , 段振华
内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (03) : 309 -318.
山西省雷电活动时空分布特征及定量化分级研究
Spatiotemporal Distribution Characteristics and Quantitative Grading of Lightning Activity in Shanxi Province
为表征山西省天气和气候尺度雷电活动的强弱特征,提升雷电监测业务的科学化与标准化水平,基于1994-2013年山西省气象局地面气候资料日值数据集(109个站点)的人工观测雷暴日数,以及2011-2021年闪电定位仪地基观测资料,采用网格法计算雷电密度和强度。通过划分年、月、小时的尺度,分析雷电活动的时空分布特征,并基于台站经纬度计算不同半径范围内的年均雷电次数,与台站雷暴日数进行比对,利用最小二乘法优化半径参数。研究绘制山西省各站点雷暴日数、雷暴等级区划图,以及基于闪电定位仪数据的雷电密度与强度分布图,并进行对比分析。结果表明,山西省雷电活动存在明显的空间差异,总闪平均强度呈现“南北高、中部低”的分布特征,其中运城市部分地区强度超过60 kA,而太原市、吕梁市东部、忻州市中部、阳泉市西部、晋中市北部的部分区域闪电强度相对较低。人工雷暴日观测数据表明,高雷暴频次区域主要分布在朔州市中部、忻州市、太原市、阳泉市、吕梁市东北部、晋中市、长治市北部、临汾市中部,而低雷暴频次区域主要分布于大同市、朔州市东西部、吕梁市西部、临汾市大部、长治市和运城市。闪电定位仪观测结果与人工观测总体一致,但在大同市北部和忻州市西部部分地区存在差异,该区域人工观测为多雷区,而闪电定位仪观测则为少雷区。
To characterize the intensity of lightning activity at both weather and climatic scales in Shanxi Province and to enhance the scientific and standardized level of lightning monitoring operations, this study used manual observation thunderstorm days from the Shanxi Provincial Meteorological Bureau's daily surface climate dataset (109 stations) during 1994–2013, as well as ground-based lightning location data during 2011–2021. The grid method was employed to calculate lightning density and intensity. By dividing the data into annual, monthly, and hourly scales, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of lightning activity were analyzed. The annual average number of lightning strikes within different radii was calculated based on station latitude and longitude. It was compared with station thunderstorm days, and the radius parameter was optimized by the least squares method. The study produced thunderstorm day and thunderstorm grade zoning maps for each station in Shanxi Province. It conducted comparative analysis using lightning density and intensity distribution maps based on lightning location data. The results show that significant spatial differences exist in lightning activity across Shanxi Province. The average intensity of total lightning exhibits a pattern of high values in the north and south and low values in the central region. In some areas of Yuncheng City, the intensity exceeds 60 kA, whereas lower lightning intensity is observed in parts of Taiyuan City, eastern Lüliang City, central Xinzhou City, western Yangquan City, and northern Jinzhong City. Manual thunderstorm observation data indicate that areas with high thunderstorm frequency are mainly distributed in central Shuozhou City, Xinzhou City, Taiyuan City, Yangquan City, northeastern Lüliang City, Jinzhong City, northern Changzhi City, and central Linfen City. Low-thunderstorm-frequency areas are mainly located in Datong City, eastern and western Shuozhou City, western Lüliang City, most of Linfen City, Changzhi City, and Yuncheng City. The lightning location observations are generally consistent with the manual observations, though discrepancies exist in parts of northern Datong City and western Xinzhou City, where manual observations indicate high-thunderstorm areas but lightning location data show low-thunderstorm areas.
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