专业柔道运动员身体成分与下肢等速肌力的相关性研究
栾德昊 , 张丽琴 , 满喜 , 马旭超 , 倪秀斌 , 许诺 , 聂丹丹
内蒙古师范大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 55 ›› Issue (03) : 319 -330.
专业柔道运动员身体成分与下肢等速肌力的相关性研究
Correlation Between Body Composition and Lower Limb Isokinetic Muscle Strength in Professional Judo Athletes
为探讨优秀男子柔道运动员身体成分与下肢肌力特征之间的相关性,选取内蒙古自治区专业柔道运动员12名,使用生物电阻抗分析仪测量其身体成分指标,包括体重、体脂百分比、去脂体重、肌肉含量等;同时使用等速肌力测试系统,在60°/s、180°/s和300°/s三种角速度下,测试其下肢髋关节、膝关节、踝关节的屈伸肌群相关指标。结果显示,柔道运动员身体成分和下肢三关节的肌力特征存在显著关联性,体重、去脂体重及肌肉量的变化普遍与伸肌相对峰力矩呈负相关,脂肪则与屈肌的峰值功率及相对峰力矩呈正相关,髋关节的屈伸肌力矩比值随身体成分的增加而升高。研究表明:优秀柔道运动员去脂体重和肌肉含量的增加,若未伴随最大力量的同步发展,可能导致相对力量下降,进而降低赛场竞技表现;适量的脂肪存在对爆发性屈曲动作具有积极作用;另外,身体成分的异常改变会引起髋关节屈伸肌峰力矩比值的升高,若伴随伸肌相对力量减弱,可能会破坏柔道运动员的下肢力学平衡,存在运动损伤风险。
To explore the correlation between body composition and lower limb muscle strength characteristics in elite male judo athletes, 12 professional judo athletes from the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region were selected. Body composition indicators, including body weight, body fat percentage, fat-free mass, and muscle content, were measured using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Meanwhile, an isokinetic muscle strength testing system was used to assess relevant indicators of the flexor and extensor muscle groups of the hip, knee, and ankle joints at three angular velocities: 60°/s, 180°/s, and 300°/s. The results show a significant correlation between the body composition of judo athletes and the muscle strength characteristics of the three lower limb joints. Changes in body weight, fat-free mass, and muscle mass are generally negatively correlated with the relative peak torque of extensor muscles, while body fat is positively correlated with the peak power and relative peak torque of flexor muscles. The flexor-extensor torque ratio of the hip joint increases with increasing body composition. The study indicates that an increase in fat-free mass and muscle mass in elite judo athletes suggests that excessive growth without a corresponding development of maximal strength may lead to a decrease in relative strength, thereby compromising on-field competitive performance. An appropriate amount of body fat has a positive effect on explosive flexion movements. Furthermore, abnormal changes in body composition may increase the hip joint flexor-extensor peak torque ratio, which, if accompanied by a weakening of relative extensor strength, may disrupt the lower limb mechanical balance of judo athletes and pose a risk of sports injury.
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内蒙古自治区体育局全国”十五运”备战参赛研究课题资助项目“柔道项目备战全国十五运训练监控与评估关键问题的研究”(NMJT202501)
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