Based on conventional observation data, ERA5 reanalysis data, TBB data from the FY-2G satellite, and Doppler radar data, the causes of a hailstorm event that occurred near the FAST region on March 2, 2020, are analyzed. The results show that the short-wave trough, low-level southwest jet, low-level shear line, stationary surface front, and convergence line formed the favorable circulation conditions for this hailstorm. The interaction of cold and warm air increased atmospheric instability. The hailstorm was located in an area of convective instability behind the surface frontal zone, where a secondary circulation enhanced upward motion. The combination of cyclonic vorticity, low-level convergence, and mid-to-high-level divergence in the wind field strengthened atmospheric lifting, providing strong dynamic conditions for the upward movement of water vapor in the hailstorm area. The continuous release of unstable energy, along with the "upper dry, lower wet" distribution, created favorable conditions for convection formation. The apparent heat source (Q1) and apparent moisture sink (Q2) were key contributors to heating. The latent heat released by water vapor condensation warmed the lower atmosphere, forming a heat source in the middle layers that promoted upward motion, contributing to the maintenance and development of convection. This process was driven by a mesoscale convective system (MCS). During the most intense phase of the hailstorm, the TBB reached -55 ℃, the echo top exceeded the -20 ℃ isotherm, the cloud top reached 14 km, and the echo exhibited a suspension structure, with significant jumps in VIL.
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