Using observation data of 125 radiosonde stations in China, comparing CMA-RA with ERA5, CFSv2, and MERRA-2 reanalysis data, the applicability of geopotential height, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed in China of four types of reanalysis data were compared and evaluated from three aspects: overall effect, time series, and spatial distribution. The results showed that: (1) Reanalysis geopotential height data presents a negative bias generally. CMA-RA performs better than ERA5 in the lower-middle troposphere, while ERA5 performs better than CMA-RA in other isobaric surface, followed by CFSv2, and MERRA-2 performs relatively poorly. (2) Reanalysis air temperature data presents a negative bias generally. CMA-RA air temperature data performs best overall, and ERA5 is similar to CMA-RA, followed by MERRA-2 and CFSv2. (3) Reanalysis relative humidity data presents a positive bias generally, and MERRA-2 relative humidity data performs best overall, followed by ERA5. The spatial distribution of relative humidity data of CMA-RA is similar to that of CFSv2, which performs relatively well in the lower-middle troposphere but has a relatively significant positive bias in the upper-middle troposphere, and the bias in winter is higher than that in summer. (4) Reanalysis wind speed data presents a negative bias generally. CMA-RA wind speed data performs best overall, especially in the lower-middle troposphere, followed by ERA5, MERRA-2 performs worst, and the root mean square error of wind speed in winter half year is generally higher than that in summer half year for the four types of reanalysis data. The root mean square errors of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed data of CMA-RA are relatively large between October 2019 and February 2020. Therefore, bias correction is needed before using to better improve data applicability.
大气再分析资料同化了数值天气预报和大量的地面观测数据与卫星遥感资料,具有时空分辨率高、时间跨度长、空间覆盖广等优点,可有效弥补探空观测、卫星遥感等资料的不足[1]。大气再分析资料应用广泛,可用于气候变化、变率分析,也可作为背景场应用于天气、气候、水文、空气质量等数值模式中,对于天气监测、气候分析、气象服务等具有重要意义[2-3]。目前,国际上常用的再分析资料主要有美国国家环境预报中心(NCEP)的Climate Forecast System Reanalysis(CFSR)和CFSv2、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)的Reanalysis version 5(ERA5)资料、美国国家航空航天局(NASA)Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications(MERRA-2)资料及日本气象厅(JMA)Japanese Re-Analysis 55 years(JRA-55)资料等。2021年5月,中国气象局(CMA)正式发布了我国第一代全球大气再分析40 a产品(CMA-RA)[4],填补了我国在全球大气再分析领域的空白。与其他全球大气再分析资料相比,CMA-RA资料同化了风云卫星资料和更多东亚地区常规观测资料,对于东亚地区的天气和气候研究具有重大价值[5],部分学者基于该数据开展了GNSS水汽反演[6]、副热带西风急流分析[7]、降水估算[8]等相关研究。
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