This study identifies six primary factors that influence the occurrence of snowmelt floods: snow depth, elevation, topographic ruggedness, slope, proximity to water systems, and land use types. By utilizing an information value model integrated with historical disaster data, we quantitatively assessed and mapped the hazards of spring snowmelt floods. The results revealed that spring snowmelt floods predominantly occur in piedmont plains at elevations below 1 500 meters, particularly near rivers and in grasslands, farmlands, and residential zones. Snow depth and proximity to water systems are the most critical factors. Snow depth (40-50 cm) and river proximity (1-2 km) are dominant controls. The average AUC value of 0.86 across five random experimental models validates the effectiveness of the information quantity model in assessing spring snowmelt flood hazards using the six selected key indicators. This study provides a scientific foundation for formulating flood prevention measures and water resource management strategies in the Ertix River Basin. Additionally, it serves as a valuable reference for evaluating snowmelt flood risks in similar regions.
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