不同耕作方式对土壤速效养分和烟株碳氮代谢的影响
张鲁民 , 宋文峰 , 周磊 , 吕亚媚 , 李艳 , 吕凯 , 欧阳铖人
山西农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (04) : 20 -27.
不同耕作方式对土壤速效养分和烟株碳氮代谢的影响
Effects of Different Tillage Practices on Soil Available Nutrient and Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism of Flue-Cured Tobacco
耕作方式通过改变烟田烟株生长微环境而影响烟株生长。为探究山地植烟区不同耕作方式对烟株生长和烟叶产值的影响,以烤烟K326为试验材料,分析了宽垄处理(WR)、宽窄行处理(WNR)、常规处理(CK)不同耕作方式下烟株农艺性状、烟叶碳氮代谢酶活性、烟叶产量及土壤养分变化特征。结果表明,与CK 相比,WR、WNR处理的硝态氮含量分别增加21.98%、58.72%,铵态氮含量分别增加5.79%、40.54%,速效磷含量分别增加24.95%、16.47%,速效钾含量分别降低29.29%、20.54%;WNR处理的硝态氮、铵态氮含量分别比WR处理增加了30.12%、32.84%,但速效钾和速效磷含量与WR处理间差异不显著。WR、WNR处理的硝酸还原酶(NR)和蔗糖合成酶(SS)活性显著高于CK处理,WR处理的烟叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)和α-淀粉酶(α-AL)活性显著高于WNR、CK处理。与CK相比,WR、WNR处理的产量分别增加5.65%、4.23%,产值分别增加10.26%、6.89%,表明WR、WNR处理可以改善烟株的农艺性状。综上,宽垄种植方式不仅增加了土壤养分的有效性,促进烟株生长;而且增加了烟叶的碳氮代谢酶活性,促进了烟叶产量、产值的提高。
Tillage practices can significantly alter the microenvironment of tobacco plants, thereby influence their growth. To explore the effects of different tillage practices on tobacco plant growth and leaf yield in mountainous tobacco cultivation areas, in this study, using flue-cured tobacco K326 as the material, variation characteristics of agronomic traits, carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzyme activity in tabacco leaves, tobacco yield, and soil nutrient under three tillage practices of conventional tillage(CK), wide ridge(WR), and wide-narrow ridge(WNR) were analyzed. The results showed that compared with CK treatments, the nitrate nitrogen content in the WR and WNR treatments increased by 21.98% and 58.72% , the ammonium nitrogen content increased by 5.79% and 40.54%, and the available phosphorus content increased by 24.95% and 16.47%, but the available potassium content decreased by 29.29% and 20.54%. Compared to WR treatment, the nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen content in the WNR treatment increased by 30.12% and 32.84%, but there was no significant difference in the content of available potassium and available phosphorus between the two treatments. Both WR and WNR treatments significantly enhanced nitrate reductase(NR) and sucrose synthase(SS) activity compared to CK treatment. The glutamine synthetase(GS) and α-amylase(α-AL) activity in the WR treatment was significantly higher than that in the WNR and CK treatments. Compared to CK treatment, yield in the WR and WNR treatments increased by 5.65% and 4.23% and economic benefits increased by 10.26% and 6.89% respectively, indicating that the WR and WNR treatments could improve agronomic traits of tobacco plants. In conclusion, wide ridge planting methods not only increased the availability of soil nutrients to promote tobacco plant growth but also increased the activity of carbon and nitrogen metabolic enzymes in tobacco leaves, thereby promote improvement of tobacco leaf yield and economic benefits.
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云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(20235300000241020)
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