1.Shihezi Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang,Shihezi 830000,China
2.Wulanwusu Special Test Field base of National Integrated Meteorological Observation/Wulanwusu Ecology and Agrometeorology Observation and Research Station of Xinjiang/Wulanwusu Agrometeorological Experiment Station,Shawan 832199,China
3.Korla Meteorological Bureau of Xinjiang,Korla 841000,China
Prunes in Shihezi area are often affected by low-temperature chilling damage during the overwintering period and spring budding and flowering period. Therefore, studying the changes of winter temperature and last frost in this area is of great significance to the development of prune industry. In this study, using the temperature data from November 1961 to May 2024 and phenological period data, combined with low-temperature chilling damage tests, the semi-lethal temperature of prune branches and the risk of frost damage were analyzed. The results showed that the semi-lethal temperature of new prune branches was -24.1℃. From 1961 to 2024, the freezing damage risk during the severe cold period in spring was as high as 82.2%, and it decreased to 60.0% after 2000 due to climate warming, with an average decrease of 22.2 percentage points in low-temperature chilling damage. Although the last frost period in spring was relatively scattered, it showed a trend of ending earlier. The last frost in late April and later from 1961 to 2024 posed a significant threat to the budding and flowering of prunes, with an average risk of 53.2%, which decreased by 28.2 percentage points after 2000.The average disaster risk intensity of the last frost in Shihezi area from 1961 to 2024 was 34.8%, among which moderate and severe frost disaster risks accounted for 23.4% and 28.1% respectively. After 2000, the risk intensity of the last frost decreased linearly by 8.6 percentage points. The rise of winter temperature and the advance of frost end time were beneficial to the growth of prunes, but due to the instability of extreme climate, anti-freezing and frost prevention measures were still the key in prune production.
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