In order to explore comprehensive effect of different mulching methods on maize, in this study, the effects of film-side sowing(FFS) , film-over sowing(FPM), and no mulching(CK) on growth and development, physiological traits, yield formation, and economic benefits of maize were systematically assessed across three typical agro-ecological zones in Shanxi province, namely Xinzhou(semi-humid), Changzhi(humid), and Datong(arid). The results showed that compared to CK, both FFS and FPM treatments improved soil hydrothermal conditions, promoted maize vegetative growth, shortened the total growth period, and increased plant height, stem diameter, and leaf SPAD values during the vegetative growth stage. Notably, FFS effectively maintained mid-to-deep soil water content and leaf SPAD values during the late growth stage.In terms of yield, both mulching treatments significantly increased maize yield across all three regions. FFS demonstrated the most prominent yield increase, boosting yields by 19.2% in Xinzhou, 17.7% in Changzhi, and 26.8% in Datong compared to CK. FPM treatments also resulted in yield increases ranging from 5.2% to 24.5% across the three regions. Economically, FFS consistently achieved the highest net profit in all regions, reaching 5 850.3, 15 750.4, and 4 815.8 yuan/ha in Xinzhou, Changzhi, and Datong, respectively. FPM also generated substantial net profits of 2 580.2, 12 210.3, and 4 140.3 yuan/ha in the corresponding regions.In conclusion, FFS treatment exhibited comprehensive advantages in yield potential, economic benefits, and environmental adaptability, significantly surpassing FPM treatment. Therefore, FFS was a more valuable and recommended high-efficiency maize cultivation model for promotion, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions.
近年来,气候变化对作物产量的影响已引起广泛关注,VAN DER WIEL等[4]的研究表明,降水格局变化和温度波动是导致玉米产量不稳定的关键驱动因素。在此背景下,地膜覆盖技术(Plastic film mulching,PFM)作为一项行之有效的农业管理策略,已在中国乃至全球的干旱和半干旱地区得到广泛应用。覆膜是农业中一种可持续的水土保持实践,通过保持土壤水分、减少杂草生长、调节地温和改善土壤健康来提高作物生产力和资源利用效率。DAI等[5]研究进一步证实,免耕结合覆膜能通过调节土壤温度、水分和硝态氮有效性来提高旱地玉米产量。ZHANG等[6]研究表明,PFM可使玉米产量平均提高33.9%,并保持长期稳定性。SAEED等[7]和GU等[8]研究进一步证实,覆膜技术,包括膜侧覆盖(FFS)等创新模式,能显著改善土壤水热特性,提高水分利用效率,并有效提升作物产量和经济回报。这些成果充分彰显PFM在提升产量和增强农业抗逆性方面的巨大价值。
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