甘薯糯玉米间作的产量及效益分析
Analysis of Yield and Benefit of Sweet Potato and Waxy Maize Intercropping
甘薯与糯玉米间作虽具提升土地利用率与产量的潜力,但其在山西中部的适应性与效益尚缺乏系统评估。为了探索甘薯糯玉米间作种植模式在山西中部地区的应用效果,以优质晋糯18号糯玉米与秦薯5号甘薯为试验材料,设置甘薯单作、糯玉米单作和甘薯糯玉米间作3种种植模式,系统比较不同模式下作物的生长特性、产量表现及经济效益。结果表明,在覆膜早播条件下,甘薯糯玉米间作模式有效抑制了糯玉米株高的过度生长,维持了生育后期的叶面积,提高了双穗率;同时,间作抑制了甘薯主蔓与总蔓长度的延伸,降低了徒长导致的产量损失风险。间作土地当量比(LER)为1.27,较单作模式表现出显著的产量优势。经济效益分析显示,间作总产值为11.39万元/hm²,显著高于糯玉米单作;间作纯收入为10.59万元/hm²,分别较甘薯单作与糯玉米单作提高1.20%和92.0%。产投比依次为甘薯糯玉米间作(14.3∶1.0)>甘薯单作(11.8∶1.0)>糯玉米单作(9.8∶1.0)。综上,覆膜条件下甘薯糯玉米间作模式在提升产量与经济效益方面效果良好,具备在山西中部地区推广应用的可行性。
Intercropping sweet potato and waxy maize has the potential to improve land use efficiency and crop productivity; however, its adaptability and economic benefit in central Shanxi remain inadequately evaluated. To explore the application effect of intercropping mode of sweet potato and waxy maize in central Shanxi, in this study, a high-quality waxy maize cultivar Jinnuo 18 and a sweet potato cultivar Qinshu 5 were used as the experimental materials to establish three cropping modes: sweet potato monoculture, waxy maize monoculture, and sweet potato–waxy maize intercropping. Growth characteristics, yield performance, and economic benefits were systematically compared across these systems. The results showed that under film mulching and early sowing conditions, intercropping effectively reduced excessive plant height in waxy maize, maintained leaf area during the later growth stages, and increased the double-ear rate. Additionally, it suppressed excessive elongation of sweet potato main and total vines, thereby mitigating yield losses due to overgrowth. The intercropping system achieved a land equivalent ratio(LER) of 1.27, demonstrating a yield advantage over monoculture. Economic analysis indicated that the total output value was 113 900 yuan/ha, significantly higher than that of monocropping waxy maize; net income of intercropping was 105 900 yuan/ha, representing increases of 1.20% and 92.0% compared to sweet potato and waxy maize monocultures, respectively. The output-to-input ratio ranked as follows: intercropping(14.3∶1.0), sweet potato monoculture(11.8∶1.0), and waxy maize monoculture(9.8∶1.0). In conclusion, sweet potato–waxy maize intercropping under film mulching had excellent effect on enhancement of yield and economic benefit, and it possessed feasibility of promoting and applying in the central region of Shanxi.
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黄土高原特色作物优质高效生产省部共建协同创新中心项目(SBGJXTZX-28)
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