In order to illustrate the heterosis of main agronomic and involucre traits of F1 interspecific hybrids of wild and cultivar lines in(Coix L.), in this study, four cultivar lines including Liugu, Anyi 1, Yixianyiyi, and Jinzhouyimi were selected as the female parents, four wild lines including Liuguzhuzi, Gangchengnianzhu adlay, Tie adlay, and Liujiaolusu were selected as the male parent, 16 interspecific hybrid combinations were obtained by NCⅡ genetic design To analyze the mid-parent heterosis and over-parent heterosis of 8 agronomic traits and 5 involucre traits. The results revealed that the values of mid-parent heterosis(MPH) of 8 agronomic traits in 16 F1 interspecific hybrids of wild and cultivar lines in adlay ranged -35.1%-80.1% and the values of over-parent heterosis(HPH) were -50.0%-53.3%. Plant height(PH), grain layer(GL), main stem diameter(MSD), length of leaf(LL), width of leaf(WL), and nodes on main stem(NMS) had obviously mid-parent and over-parent heterosis and brancing node(BN) tended to high-value parents, while total tillers per plant(TT) trait had negative heterosis. MPH values in five involucre traits ranged -13.7%-69.8%, and the HPH were -45.1%-27.5%. It demonstrated that involucre traits of 100-fruit weight(HFW) and length(IL), width(IW), perimeter(IP) showed strong MPH. But the involucre roundness had higher HPH values, which showed that the F1 hybrids involucre could be more roundness than their parent lines. In conclusion, compared with the parents, the interspecific F1 hybrids had strong growth vigor in agronomic traits, the female parents of southern subtropical cultivated lines probably created super parent combinations, and the involucre traits tended to their wild parental lines and dispalyed evident MPH.
薏苡属在其起源演化、表型特性及药用特性方面均是极为特殊的存在[18],也是没有被充分开发的功能性作物[19]。尽管如此,薏苡属种质资源地理分布却极为广泛,在中国,南至海南北至黑龙江均有薏苡资源(包括野生资源和地方栽培种)的分布,大致分为3个生态型[20],在植物表型[21-22]、品质[23]及分子标记[24-25]水平均具有丰富的遗传多样性。在分类学层面,我国薏苡属经历了多种分类学系统的演变,根据《中国植物志》[26],在植物学分类上主要有7个种(变种),其中,5个属于野生类群,仅有薏米变种C. chinensis var. chinensis Tod.和台湾薏苡变种C.chinensis var. formosana(Ohwi)L.属于栽培类型。通过野生型川谷和栽培型薏苡的杂交试验表明,杂种F1在植株高度、单株叶面积、生长势、光合特性以及生物产量等方面具有杂种优势[5,7]。本研究则利用不同来源的薏苡变种C. chinensis var. chinensis为母本,以薏苡变种C. lacryma-jobi var. lacryma-jobi和念珠薏苡变种C. lacryma-jobi var. maxima Makino为父本进行的杂交组配,结果表明,杂种F1在株高、着粒层、主茎粗、叶长和叶宽整体表现为正向超亲优势。值得一提的是,关于杂种优势的形成机制在水稻、玉米、棉花等方面往往表现出显性、超显性和上位性特点,而且在不同作物和不同的遗传背景表现均有不同,一些与产量等相关的QTL位点也已经被挖掘出来[27-28];而本研究主要分析了薏苡种间杂种农艺性状及总苞性状的遗传特征,其杂种优势形成机制仍不清晰,需要从基因组、转录组、代谢组等多组学层面进行深入探讨。
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