Mycotoxin contamination in silage becomes a common occurrence. Lactic acid bacteria, which is a type of probiotic widely presenting in the natural environment, not only play dominant roles in silage fermentation but also produce diverse antimicrobial substances(e.g., organic acids, bacteriocins, and proteinaceous compounds) and reduce mycotoxin levels via adsorption or biodegradation. To isolate functional lactic acid bacteria with both antibacterial and detoxifying activities, in this study, four functional lactic acid bacteria with efficient antimicrobial and detoxification activities were selected using Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium graminearum as indicator fungi and zearalenone(ZEN) and deoxynivalenol(DON) as substrates. These strains were identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum LP10, L. plantarum LP64, L. plantarum LP71, and Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF92, respectively. The antibacterial activity of the lactic acid bacteria was evaluated under different pH levels, temperatures, and enzyme treatments, and their detoxification effects on ZEN and DON were analyzed. The results indicated that with an increase in pH, the antifungal activity of fermentation supernatants from the four lactic acid bacteria(LAB) strains against A. flavus and F. graminearum gradually decreased. After heat treatment at 80 ℃ and 100 ℃, the inhibitory effect of the respective fermentation supernatants of each LAB strain on A. flavus was significantly reduced, whereas the inhibitory effects of the supernatants of strains LP71 and LF92 against F. graminearum were enhanced following high-temperature treatment. The strains exhibited specificity in response to different protease treatments: only the inhibitory effect of LP71 supernatant against F. graminearum showed no significant difference from that of the control after treatment with various proteases. Furthermore, the detoxification results indicated that LP64 exhibited the highest removal rates for ZEN and DON, at 46.9% and 82.9%, respectively. The primary mechanism of detoxification was identified as adsorption. Consequently, LP64 could be used as a candidate strain for the biological control of fungi and mycotoxin detoxification in silage.
指示菌株A. flavus NRRL3357和F. graminearum PH-1均购自中国工业微生物菌种保藏管理中心。植物乳植杆菌LP10(L. plantarum LP10)、LP64(L. plantarum LP64)、LP71(L. plantarum LP71)和发酵黏液乳杆菌LF92(Limosilactobacillus fermentum LF92)筛选自全国不同地区发生霉变或遭受霉菌毒素污染的青贮玉米中,这些菌株加入到含20%(V/V)甘油的MRS(de Man,rogosa and sharp)肉汤中,并置于-80 ℃冷冻保存。
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