To explore the optimal topdressing treatment for silage corn in the sandstorm area of Yulin and the effects of different topdressing treatments on production performance and nutritional quality, providing a scientific basis for improving regional silage corn cultivation techniques, in this study, two silage corn varieties(Dajingjiu 23 and Heyu 9566) were used as research subjects. Four topdressing treatments were set up(no topdressing(T1,control), topdressing with organic fertilizer(T2), topdressing with compound fertilizer(T3), and topdressing with both organic and compound fertilizers(T4)). Agronomic traits, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield, and quality indicators were measured at key growth stages, and the optimal topdressing formula was obtained through comprehensive evaluation using the grey relational analysis method. The results showed that at harvest, the plant height of Dajingjiu 23(DJJ23) under T3 treatment and Heyu 9566(HY9566) under T2 treatment was the highest, increasing by 1.31%–2.84% and 1.47%–4.15%, respectively, compared to other treatments. The stem diameter of HY9566 under T2 treatment was higher than that under other topdressing treatments by 3.32%–9.38%. The fresh weight of ears(447, 612.2 g/plant), thousand-grain weight(435.6, 459.6 g), and grain yield(23.28, 32.69 t/ha) were the highest under DJJ23 T4 treatment and HY9566 T4 treatment. DJJ23 T3 treatment and HY9566 T2 treatment had the highest fresh and dry grass yield, fresh grass yield was 17.19% and 18.64% higher than that under T1 treatment, respectively, and dry grass yield was 22.32% and 17.95% higher than that under T1 treatment, respectively. DJJ23 T3 treatment and HY9566 T4 treatment significantly increased relative chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters(NPQ, qP, ETR, and Fv/Fm). The washing fiber indicators of DJJ23 T4 treatment and HY9566 T2 treatment were the lowest, with the highest relative feeding value, increasing by 3.88% and 5.85%, respectively, compared to T1 treatment. Grey relational analysis comprehensive evaluation indicated that DJJ23 T4 treatment and HY9566 T2 treatment were the optimal. In summary, Dajingjiu 23 was suitable for combined topdressing with organic and compound fertilizers, while Heyu 9566 was suitable for topdressing with organic fertilizer.
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