Effects of Reducing Nitrogen and Increasing Density on Photosynthetic Characteristics, Yield, and Nitrogen Fertilizer Absorption and Utilization of Summer Sesame
In response to the problem of high nitrogen residue in the soil of wheat, the previous crop of summer sesame, aiming to investigate the effects of reducing nitrogen and increasing density on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and nitrogen use efficiency of summer sesame, in order to provide scientific basis for sesame production in the winter wheat and summer sesame rotation system, in this study, using Shangzhi196 as the experimental material, a total of four treatments were set up, including no nitrogen fertilizer+conventional planting density of 180 000 plants/ha(T1), conventional nitrogen application(nitrogen fertilizer application rate of 150 kg/ha)+conventional planting density of 180 000 plants/ha(T2), and 30% of reduction in nitrogen application compared to conventional application(105 kg/ha)+planting density of 210 000 plants/ha(T3), and 30% of reduction in nitrogen application compared to conventional application(105 kg/ha)+planting density of 240 000 plants/ha(T4). The photosynthetic characteristics, leaf area index, nitrogen accumulation and distribution in yield of sesame were measured and analyzed. The results showed that compared with T2 treatment, T3 and T4 treatments significantly reduced plant height, with an average decrease of 6.22% and 5.04% over two years. The initial capsule height was significantly lower than that of T2 treatment, with an average decrease of 17.90% and 13.71% over two years. The average increase in the capsule axis length in main stem of T3 treatment compared with T2 and T4 treatments for two years was 8.82% and 6.24%, respectively. Reducing nitrogen and increasing density increased grain nitrogen content, with T3 treatment having the highest grain nitrogen content, with an average increase of 9.02% and 3.02% compared with T2 and T4 treatments over two years. Compared with T2 treatment, T3 treatments significantly increased the nitrogen fertilizer absorption and utilization efficiency, as well as nitrogen fertilizer agronomic utilization efficiency of sesame, increasing by 15.70% and 2.32 kg/kg respectively. The SPAD value of T3 treatment increased by an average of 7.99% and 12.25% compared with T2 and T4 treatments, respectively, and the final yield of T3 treatment averagely increased by 8.54% compared with T2 treatment over two years. In summary, when planting sesame in areas with high nitrogen fertilizer input for wheat, the reducing nitrogen and increasing density mode should be adopted, that is to say, the mode of applying 105 kg/ha of nitrogen and a density of 210 000 plants/ha was conducive to achieving high-yield, high-efficiency, and nitrogen saving cultivation of summer sesame.
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