To investigate the regulatory effects of sowing date and sowing amount on the population structure and yield of a new winter wheat variety Yaomai 31, in this study, through a field split-plot experiment with four levels of sowing date and sowing amount. The differences in population dynamics, main stem leaf age, leaf area index(LAI), dry matter accumulation, grain filling rate, agronomic traits, yield and its components under different treatments were analyzed. The results showed that the difference in sowing date and sowing amount changed population traits. The number of stems in the population in each growth period decreased with the delay of sowing date and the decrease of sowing amount, and the number of stems in the population sown on October 2nd was the most. With the delay of sowing date, the main stem leaf age in each growth period decreased gradually. There was no significant difference in the number of leaves on the main stem among different sowing amounts at the same sowing date. LAI increased with the advancement of the growth period for different sowing dates and sowing amounts, reached the maximum value at the booting stage, gradually decreased from the flowering stage to the maturity stage. The dry matter accumulation of the same sowing date increased with the increase of sowing amount, and the dry matter accumulation of the same sowing amount decreased with the delay of sowing date, and the wheat sown on October 14th had the highest dry matter accumulation after flowering. With the increase of sowing amount, the grain-filling rate increased first and then decreased, and the grain-filling rate decreased with the delay of sowing date at the same sowing amount. At the same sowing date, as the sowing amount increased, the plant height increased, the spike length became shorter, and the spikelet number decreased. At the same sowing amount, as the sowing date delayed, the plant height gradually decreased, and the spike length and spikelet number increased first and then decreased. With the increase of sowing amount at the same sowing date, the economic coefficient gradually decreased, and the difference among sowing amounts was significant. Sowing date and sowing amount had a significant effect on yield and the three elements of yield structure, and the effect of sowing amount on yield, spike number, and 1000-grain weight was greater than that of sowing date. Under the conditions of this trial, the suitable sowing date for Yaomai 31 was from October 8th to October 14th and the appropriate sowing amount was 150 kg/ha to 180 kg/ha.
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