镉胁迫对谷子、糜子和高粱幼苗形态及生理特性的影响
李姗珊 , 王涛 , 孙雷 , 孙启辉 , 王小林 , 郭亚宁 , 罗艳 , 张静 , 张盼盼
山西农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (02) : 120 -128.
镉胁迫对谷子、糜子和高粱幼苗形态及生理特性的影响
Effects of Cadmium Stress on Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of Foxtail Millet,Broomcorn Millet and Sorghum Seedlings
为探究谷子、糜子和高粱幼苗对镉胁迫的响应,以晋谷21号(谷子)、榆糜2号(糜子)和辽杂27号(高粱)为材料,进行0、300 μmol/L CdCl2胁迫处理,并测定株高、地上部干质量、地下部干质量、光合性能和叶绿体荧光特性等指标,结合主成分分析和隶属函数法综合评价3种作物的耐镉性强弱。结果表明,镉胁迫显著抑制谷子、糜子和高粱的生长发育,且抑制效应存在种间差异。其中,镉胁迫对谷子的株高抑制最显著,对糜子地上部干质量和地下部干质量的抑制作用最强,而对高粱的株高、地上部干质量和地下部干质量的抑制作用较弱。镉胁迫降低了3种作物的叶片光合性能,其中,镉胁迫处理5 d后,高粱的净光合速率(Pn)的降低幅度小于谷子和糜子。镉胁迫对3种作物的叶绿素荧光参数影响存在差异,其中,镉胁迫降低了糜子和谷子的叶片初始荧光(F0)、最大荧光产量(Fm)、实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)和非光化学淬灭系数(qN);而高粱的叶片初始荧光、最大荧光产量、实际光化学效率和非光化学淬灭系数较对照分别增加了39.66%、25.44%、12.40%、56.25%,且其最大光化学效率降低幅度小于谷子和糜子。对3种作物的12个测定指标进行主成分分析发现,地下部干质量、株高、F0、Fm、蒸腾速率这5个指标可作为3种作物耐镉性评价的关键指标。隶属函数分析结果显示,3种作物的耐镉性由强至弱依次为高粱>谷子>糜子。综上,镉胁迫下辽杂27号能维持较高的光合效率,并通过增强热耗散以适应镉胁迫环境,从而保持较高的生长特性,因此,辽杂27号更适合在陕北镉污染区进行种植。
To investigate the responses of foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, and sorghum seedlings to cadmium stress, in this study, Jingu 21(foxtail millet), Yumi 2(broomcorn millet), and Liaoza 27(sorghum) were used as experimental materials. These plants were subjected to cadmium stress treatments with 0 and 300 μmol/L CdCl2. Indicators such as plant height, aboveground dry weight, underground dry weight, photosynthetic characteristics, and chloroplast fluorescence characteristics were measured. The cadmium tolerance of the three crops was comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis and membership function method. The results showed that cadmium stress significantly inhibited the growth and development of foxtail millet, broomcorn millet, and sorghum, with interspecific differences in the inhibitory effects. Among them, cadmium stress had the most significant inhibitory effect on the plant height of foxtail millet, the strongest inhibitory effect on the aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight of broomcorn millet, and a weaker inhibitory effect on the plant height, aboveground dry weight and underground dry weight of sorghum. Cadmium stress reduced the leaf photosynthetic performance of the three crops. After 5 days of cadmium stress treatment, the decrease in net photosynthetic rate(Pn) of sorghum was smaller than that of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet. Cadmium stress had varying effects on the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the three crops. It reduced the initial fluorescence(F0), maximum fluorescence yield(Fm), actual photochemical efficiency(ФPSⅡ), and non-photochemical quenching coefficient(qN) of broomcorn millet and foxtail millet leaves. In contrast, the initial fluorescence, maximum fluorescence yield, actual photochemical efficiency, and non-photochemical quenching coefficient of sorghum leaves increased by 39.66%, 25.44%, 12.40%, and 56.25%, respectively, compared to the control, and the decrease in maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm) was smaller than that of foxtail millet and broomcorn millet. Principal component analysis of 12 indicators from the three crops revealed that the five indicators including underground dry weight, plant height, F0, Fm, and transpiration rate(Tr) could be used as the key indicators to evaluate the cadmium tolerance of the three crops. Membership function analysis results indicated that the cadmium tolerance of the three crops, from strongest to weakest, was as follows: sorghum > foxtail millet > broomcorn millet. In summary, under cadmium stress, Liaoza 27 maintained higher photosynthetic efficiency and adapted to the cadmium-stressed environment by enhancing thermal dissipation, thereby preserving better growth characteristics. Therefore, Liaoza 27 was more suitable for cultivation in cadmium-polluted areas of northern Shaanxi.
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陕西省教育厅重点实验室项目(23JS068)
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