To select high-yield and stable-yield new maize varieties suitable for maize production in the mountainous areas of western Hubei, in this study, seven newly-developed maize hybrid combinations(P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, and P7) and the control variety Huayu 11(CK) were assessed across seven experimental sites(E1, E2, E3, E4, E5, E6, and E7) selected in Enshi, Shiyan, Xiangyang, and Yichang of Hubei province. Analysis of variance(ANOVA), the AMMI model, GGE biplot, and linear mixed model(LMM) were adopted to investigate the fertility, yield stability, and breeding value of each tested maize combination, as well as the discrimination ability of each experimental site for grain yield and disease resistance.The results showed that the combination P2 had the highest grain yield of 10 294.50 kg/ha, with a significant increase of 8.78% compared with CK, its breeding value was 12.30, the AMMI stability value was 1.016, and it ranked the second in stability based on the GGE biplot analysis. The combination P3 ranked the second in grain yield at 9 956.40 kg/ha, which was 5.19% higher than CK, with a breeding value of 11.92 and an AMMI stability value of 0.215, ranking first in stability in the GGE biplot. There was no significant difference in grain yield among P1, P6, P7 and CK, while the grain yields of P4 and P5 were extremely significantly lower than that of CK. The combinations of P2, P3, P4, P5 and P6 exhibited good resistance to major maize diseases including northern leaf blight, southern leaf blight, southern rust, gray leaf spot, white leaf spot, ear rot, sheath blight, and stalk rot, as well as excellent lodging resistance. The experimental site E4 and E3 possessed the strongest discrimination ability for grain yield, and E5 showed the optimal discrimination ability for lodging resistance. In conclusion,P2(YC002×EH125) and P3(YC002×N517) were high-yield and stable-yield combinations. The optimal trial sites were Xiushui village, Wangying town, Lichuan city, Enshi prefecture, Hubei province; Xihaoping village, Yeren Valley town, Fang county, Shiyan city, Hubei province; and Jiulongguan village, Banqiao town, Nanzhang county, Xiangyang city, Hubei province.
同一玉米品种的产量和表现常随着地点和年份的变化而变化,因此,生产上需要既高产又稳产的品种,以保障粮食安全。多点鉴定试验有助于筛选出丰产性和稳产性突出的玉米杂交组合[4]。在多点鉴定试验中,常使用方差分析进行多重比较来完成品种间丰产性比较,而稳产性之间的差异由基因型(G)和环境(E)之间的互作效应(G×E)大小决定[5]。传统上采用回归线性模型分析G×E互作,但该方法只能解释很少的G×E互作效应,误差很大[6],实际应用价值有限。针对以上问题,AMMI模型和GGE双标图被引入并应用于多点试验数据分析。其中,AMMI模型(Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction Model)是将基因型和环境效应解释为加性效应,并将作为变异主要来源的互作效应以乘积形式纳入主成分分析。该模型能从加性模型的残差中分离模型误差与随机干扰,从而准确分析基因型与环境互作的显著性[7-8]。GGE双标图法(Genotype plus Genotype by Environment Interaction)经环境中心化后,仅保留与品种评价相关的基因型效应和基因型与环境互作效应。该方法能够以图示形式简单直观地呈现品种评价、试验点评价及品种生态区划分结果[9-10]。因此,AMMI模型和GGE双标图越来越多地被应用于多点试验鉴定品种的丰产性、稳产性和适应性[11-18]。
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