To explore long-term preservation techniques for germplasm resources of Dalbergia odorifera, in this study, mature seeds with pods were used as materials to investigate the effects of different freezing methods(direct freezing, slow freezing, and vitrification freezing) and freezing durations(1-90 days) on seed germination rate and physiological-biochemical indices. The results demonstrated that the seeds with pods of Dalbergia odorifera could be storaged by the direct freezing method requiring no low-temperature precooling and achieving a germination rate of 96.67%, significantly outperforming slow freezing and vitrification. Although prolonged storage duration led to a gradual decline in germination rate, it was maintained above 85% even after 60 days. Physiological analyses revealed that during the early stage of cryopreservation(≤3 days), the activities of antioxidant enzymes(SOD and CAT) andα-amylase(α-AMY) increased significantly, whereas POD and LDH activity, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, and soluble protein(SP) content were suppressed. After 30 days, only MDA content showed a significant accumulation, while SOD, POD, CAT, α-AMY, LDH, and SP levels all declined. These findings suggested that SOD, CAT, and α-AMY were activated to counteract cellular damage in seeds at the initial freezing stage, however, as extension of freezing, membrane integrity in seeds was progressively compromised and antioxidant capacity was weakened. Correlation analysis further indicated that germination rate was negatively correlated with MDA content and positively correlated with the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT. Collectively, this study confirmed that cryopreservation was a viable strategy for long-term storage of D. odorifera seeds, with direct freezing was recommended as the preferred solution.
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