山西省蚕豆根腐病病原鉴定及植物源活性物质筛选
康惠婷 , 孙瑛健 , 高雯博 , 杨春 , 赵晓军 , 郝晓娟
山西农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4) : 19 -26.
山西省蚕豆根腐病病原鉴定及植物源活性物质筛选
Identification of Pathogens Causing Faba Bean Root Rot in Shanxi Province and Screening of Plant-Derived Active Substances
为明确山西省蚕豆根腐病的病原种类并筛选出可防治该病的植物源抑菌活性物质,采用组织分离法分离病原菌株,依据柯赫氏法则验证其致病性,结合形态学与分子生物学方法对病原菌进行鉴定;进一步采用菌丝生长速率法测定了和厚朴酚、丹皮酚、鱼藤酮、苍耳亭、1-氧-乙酰旋覆花内酯及1-氧-乙酰旋覆花内酯衍生物对蚕豆根腐病菌的抑制效果。结果表明,从蚕豆根腐病病样中分离出2种形态特征不同的菌株,代表菌株VF-SC-DYB-1-1的大型分生孢子呈马特形,两端较钝,1~3个隔膜;小型分生孢子呈卵形或肾形,单细胞,产孢细胞长筒形,单瓶梗状。代表菌株VF-SC-DYB-1-2的大型分生孢子呈镰刀形,分隔3~5个;小型分生孢子呈椭圆形,单细胞,产孢细胞单瓶梗状。致病性测定结果表明,接种VF-SC-DYB-1-1和VF-SC-DYB-1-2后,植株根茎部褐变,根系腐烂坏死,地上部矮化萎蔫,发病症状与田间症状一致。结合ITS和TEF-1α基因序列联合分析发现,VF-SC-DYB-1-1和VF-SC-DYB-1-2分别为腐皮镰孢菌(Fusarium solani)和尖镰孢菌(Fusarium oxysporum),在供试的6种植物源活性物质中,和厚朴酚对腐皮镰孢菌和尖镰孢菌的抑制效果最好,EC50值分别为25.24、16.72 µg/mL。综上,山西省蚕豆根腐病主要由腐皮镰孢菌和尖镰孢菌侵染所致,和厚朴酚可作为防治该病的候选活性物质。
To clarify the pathogenic species causing faba bean root rot in Shanxi province and screen plant-derived antifungal active substances for its control, in this study, pathogenic strains were isolated using the tissue isolation method, their pathogenicity was verified according to Koch's postulates, and the pathogens were identified by morphological and molecular biological methods. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of honokiol, paeonol, rotenone, xanthatin, 1‑O‑acetylbritannilactone, and a derivative of 1‑O‑acetylbritannilactone on the root rot pathogens were determined using the mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that two morphologically distinct strains were isolated from diseased faba bean samples. For the representative strain VF‑SC‑DYB‑1‑1, the macroconidia were of the Martiella type, with blunt ends and 1-3 septa; the microconidia were oval or reniform and unicellular, and the conidiogenous cells were elongated and monophialidic. For the representative strain VF‑SC‑DYB‑1‑2, the macroconidia were falcate with 3–5 septa; the microconidia were oval and unicellular, and the conidiogenous cells were monophialidic. Pathogenicity tests revealed that after inoculation with VF‑SC‑DYB‑1‑1 and VF‑SC‑DYB‑1‑2, the stems and roots browned, the root system rotted and necrotized, and the aboveground parts became dwarfed and wilted, symptoms consistent with those observed in the field. Combined phylogenetic analysis based on ITS and TEF‑1α gene sequences identified the two strains as Fusarium solani and Fusarium oxysporum, respectively. Among the six tested plant‑derived active substances, honokiol exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on both F. solani and F. oxysporum, with EC₅₀ values of 25.24 and 16.72 µg/mL, respectively. In conclusion, faba bean root rot in Shanxi province was mainly caused by F. solani and F. oxysporum, and honokiol could be considered a candidate active substance for the control of this disease.
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国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1600603-06)
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