Soybean cyst nematode(Heterodera glycines) causes substantial losses in both yield and quality in soybean production. Although biological and chemical control measures offer short-term efficacy, they often fail to provide sustainable long-term protection against persistent damage. With the development and utilization of existing resistance sources, resistant cultivars have been developed, however, their narrow genetic basis has resulted in a lag of resistance evolution behind the rapid variation of nematode races. Consequently, broadening the genetic base and creating novel resistant germplasm are crucial for achieving durable, horizontal resistance. In this study, 206 soybean accessions with diverse origins were collected. A four-year multi-location field trial was conducted across six sites within a disease nursery to identify resistance against cyst nematode Race 3. The agronomic traits including plant height, branch number, 100-seed weight, and yield were measured synchronously. The results demonstrated that prolonged nematode infestation significantly inhibited soybean growth, leading to significant reductions in average plant height, pods per plant, seeds per plant, plant weight per plant, 100-seed weight, and yield. Significant differentiation in the female index(FI) was observed among the tested materials, from which 12 accessions(accounting for 5.83%) exhibiting stable high resistance were selected. Correlation analysis revealed an extremely significantly negative correlations between disease resistance and hectare yield as well as nodule number, alongside a significantly negative correlation with 100-seed weight. Based on principal component analysis(PCA), 10 materials with elite comprehensive traits such as HF129 and HF16 were further screened. These materials exhibited superior performance and robust resistance on plant height, yield components(pods per plant, seeds per plant, 100-seed weight), quality, and growth period. In conclusion, it was recommended to conduct the trial planting of long-distance introduction of the 10 elite materials based on breeding objectives, or, take the materials as the donors for backcross breeding and recombinant inbred line(RIL) populations to deeply integrate stress resistance with high-yield characteristics, thereby providing novel germplasm resources for soybean disease-resistant breeding.
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