复合生防菌剂对烟草黑胫病的防治效果和根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响
苗淑月 , 陈玉国 , 王遂法 , 李小杰 , 王雨 , 刘畅 , 白静科 , 李淑君 , 田效园
山西农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (4) : 62 -70.
复合生防菌剂对烟草黑胫病的防治效果和根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响
The Control Effects of Compound Biological Control Agents in Preventing Tobacco Black Shank and Their Impact on Soil Microbial Community Structure
为筛选烟草黑胫病绿色防控的生防资源,明确河南省农业科学院烟草研究所自主研制的多黏类芽孢杆菌—绿色木霉复合生防菌剂的防病效果及根际微生态调控机制,以元泰丰土壤生态调理剂、阿耶早微生物菌剂、枯草芽孢杆菌WP为对照,通过盆栽与田间小区试验评价各微生物菌剂对烟草黑胫病的防控效果,并采用高通量测序技术分析其对烟株根际土壤微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,4种微生物制剂均可极显著降低烟草黑胫病的发病率与病情指数;盆栽条件下复合生防菌剂防治效果达88.97%,极显著高于元泰丰土壤生态调理剂(66.75%),与其余2种微生物制剂防治效果间无显著差异;田间条件下,第2次调查结果表明,复合生防菌剂的防治效果显著高于元泰丰土壤生态调理剂和枯草芽孢杆菌WP的防治效果,且2次防治效果均高于70.00%,复合生防菌剂的防治效果更稳定。微生物测序结果表明,复合生防菌剂可降低根际真菌群落多样性与总丰度,提升细菌群落丰富度,通过下调担子菌门、毛霉门致病相关真菌丰度,上调绿弯菌门、酸杆菌门等有益细菌门类占比,优化根际微生态。综上,该复合生防菌剂防病效果突出且稳定,可作为烟草黑胫病绿色防控的优选生防制剂推广应用。
To screen for green biological control resources against tobacco black shank disease and clarify the disease suppression efficacy and rhizosphere microecological regulation mechanism of the Bacillus polymyxa-Trichoderma viride compound biocontrol agent independently developed by the Tobacco Research Institute of Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, in this study, microbial agents including Yuantaifeng soil ecological regulator, Ayezao microbial agent, and Bacillussubtilis were used as controls. Through pot and field plot experiments, the disease control effects of various microbial agents against tobacco black shank disease were evaluated, and high-throughput sequencing technology was employed to analyze their impact on the microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of tobacco plants. The results showed that all four microbial agents significantly reduced the incidence rate and disease index of tobacco black shank disease. Under pot conditions, the compound biocontrol agent achieved an control effect of 88.97%, significantly higher than that of the Yuantaifeng soil ecological regulator(66.75%), with no significant difference compared to the other two microbial agents. Under field conditions, the second investigation results showed that the contorl effect of the compound biocontrol agent was significantly higher than that of Yuantaifeng soil ecological conditioner and Bacillus subtilis, and both contorl effects were higher than 70.00%, and the contorl effect of the compound biocontrol agent was more stable. Microbial sequencing revealed that the compound biocontrol agent reduced the diversity and total abundance of fungal communities in the rhizosphere while increasing bacterial community richness. By downregulating the abundance of pathogenic fungi such as Basidiomycota and Mucoromycota and upregulating the proportion of beneficial bacterial phyla such as Chloroflexi and Acidobacteria, it optimized the rhizosphere microecology. In summary, this compound biocontrol agent exhibited outstanding and stable disease suppression efficacy and could be recommended as a preferred microbial agent for green biological control of tobacco black shank disease.
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河南省烟草公司科技项目(2023410000240021)
河南省农业科学院科技创新团队(2025TD42)
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