To address the issue of unreasonable fertilization in the nectarine orchards of Shanxi province and to determine the appropriate proportion and quantity of fertilizer for nectarine production, four-year-old “Jinrui” nectarines were served as the experimental subject. With a fixed phosphate fertilizer application rate, four nitrogen gradients and four potassium gradients were established, in addition to a control group that received no fertilization to study the impact of different fertilization regimens on the yield and quality of the “Jinrui” nectarines in Yuncheng. The results indicated that the proper increasing application of N and K fertilizers could significantly improve transverse and longitudinal diameters, as well as the weight of individual fruits. The treatments increased the contents of soluble solids, total soluble sugars, and vitamin C, while reduced total acidity and enhanced the sugar-to-acid ratio in nectarine fruits, effectively boosted fruit quality and taste. Nevertheless, when the nitrogen application rate exceeded 240 kg/ha, there was a decrease in soluble solids, vitamin C, and soluble sugar content, which in turn adversely affected nectarine quality and yield. In comparison to the absence of fertilization, the treatment N2PK2(N 240 kg/ha, P2O5 120 kg/ha, and K2O 240 kg/ha) and the treatment N2PK3(N 240 kg/ha, P2O5 120 kg/ha, K2O 360 kg/ha) enhanced the yield by 28.77% and 31.34% respectively, resulting in increased output values of 25 440 RMB/ha and 27 720 RMB/ha correspondingly. These two fertilization treatments yielded economic benefits substantially higher than all other treatments. By creating a fertilizer application model, the optimal potassium rate for “Jinrui” nectarines was identified as 398 kg/ha. In summary, the fertilization ratio and the amount markedly influenced the internal quality and yield of the nectarines. The ideal nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilization ratio for nectarines at the test site was 1∶0.5∶1 to 1∶0.5∶1.5, with recommended fertilizer quantities being 240 kg/ha of nitrogen, 120 kg/ha of phosphorus, and 240-360 kg/ha of potassium.
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