Compared with chemical pesticides, plant-derived insecticides have advantages such as natural origin, easy decomposition after application, diverse biological activities, and reduced likelihood of pest resistance. To develop highly effective and low-toxic plant-derived insecticides, and to provide a theoretical basis for the development of new plant-based insecticides for further research, in this study, five plants from five different families, all with reported insecticidal activity were screened. These plants are Eugenia caryophyllata, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Angelica pubescens, Paeonia lactiflora, and Illicium verum. The hydroalcoholic extracts of the five plants were measured indoors for their biological activity against Plutella. xylostella. The effects of the five plant extracts on eggs, larval stomach toxicity, and female adult egg-laying(oviposition) deterring activity were determined using egg immersion, leaf immersion, and non-selective leaf disc methods. Furthermore, the external morphology of P. xylostella eggs, after treatment with the five plant extracts, was observed using high-magnification microscopy. The results showed that the five plant extracts exhibited effective insecticidal activity against eggs and larvae of P. xylostella, as well as strong oviposition-deterring activity on adults, and biological activityin a concentration-dependent manner increased with increasing concentration. When the mass concentration of the plant extracts was 100 mg/mL, the corrected mortality rate of eggs and larvae P. xylostella, as well as the oviposition-deterring rate of female adults, were both above 85%. The lethal concentration 50(LC50) for the extracts of E. caryophyllata, G. uralensis, A. pubescens, P. lactiflora, and I. verum were 9.57, 16.16, 20.42, 9.00, 7.57 mg/mL, respectively, for the eggs, and 7.46, 13.49, 21.31, 54.67, 9.87 mg/mL, respectively, for the larvae of P. xylostella. The highest toxicity of the extracts of E. caryophyllata was observedin both larvae and eggs, with the development of P. xylostella eggs being adversely affected by the treatment. The development of intrad egg tissues and organs was impaired or deformed. The results in this study proved that the extracts of E. caryophyllata, G. uralensis, A. pubescens, P. lactiflora, and I. verum hold great potential as phytogenic insecticides for preventing and controlling P. xylostella. This study provided a theoretical basis for the development of new plant-based insecticides for further research.
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