In order to evaluate the effects of long-term different fertilization on the physical properties and water retention of brown soil, in this study, based on the brown soil farmland in the long-term fixed-point positioning experiment of nitrogen phosphorus fertilizer and organic fertilizer combined application conducted by the National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Shouyang Dryland Agricultural Ecosystem in Shanxi Province, soil bulk density, porosity, compactness, saturated water conductivity, and soil water characteristic curve under the treatments of no fertilization(CK), single application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer(NP), combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer(NPM), and single application of high amount of organic fertilizer(M) were analyzed and determined. The results showed that compared with CK treatment, NPM and M treatments significantly reduced soil bulk density and compactness, improved soil porosity and saturated water conductivity, and increased the cumulative water infiltration by 20.00% and 47.62%, respectively. The soil water characteristic curve showed that soil water holding capacity from high to low fertilization treatment was M>NPM>NP>CK. The fitting results of Van Genuchten model showed that the treatment M had the highest saturated water content(θs) and residual water content(θr), and CK had the lowest ones. Compared with CK, the field water holding capacity of NPM and M increased by 11.97% and 40.27%, and the effective soil water content increased by 15.11% and 21.35%, respectively. In conclusion, long-term application of high amount of organic fertilizer (M) and combined application of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer with organic fertilizer(NPM) could improve soil water holding capacity, which was a more suitable fertilization measure in brown soil area.
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