博落回生物碱和茶皂素对4种蔬菜病原菌的室内联合毒力
Combined Toxicity of Macleaya Alkaloids and Tea Saponin against Four Vegetable Pathogens
为明确博落回生物碱与茶皂素混配对辣椒疫霉病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌、番茄晚疫病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的联合毒力,以期为博落回生物碱与茶皂素复配型植物源农药的开发提供依据,采用生长速率法测定博落回生物碱和茶皂素单剂及其混剂对上述4种病原菌的EC50、毒力比率以及最佳配比的联合毒力。结果表明,博落回生物碱对辣椒疫霉病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌、番茄晚疫病菌和番茄灰霉病菌的EC50值分别为29.3、89.0、24.8、29.6 μg/mL;茶皂素对4种病原菌的EC50值分别为90.0、90.3、55.2、83.0 μg/mL。毒力比率筛选结果表明,博落回生物碱和茶皂素EC50剂量百分比为90∶10、80∶20、70∶30、60∶40、50∶50和40∶60时,对辣椒疫霉病菌的毒力比率分别为1.30、1.38、1.45、1.33、1.29和1.28,表现为增效作用;EC50剂量百分比为40∶60和10∶90时,对瓜果腐霉病菌的毒力比率分别为1.26和1.28,表现为增效作用;EC50剂量百分比为80∶20和50∶50时,对番茄晚疫病菌的毒力比率分别为1.27和1.25,表现为增效作用;博落回生物碱和茶皂素复配对番茄灰霉病菌表现为相加作用。最佳配比的联合毒力筛选结果表明,博落回生物碱与茶皂素质量比为1.0∶3.1和1.0∶4.6的混剂对辣椒疫霉病菌表现为增效作用,增效系数分别为2.30和1.54;质量比为1.0∶1.5和1.0∶9.1的混剂对瓜果腐霉病菌表现出较好的增效作用,增效系数分别为1.67和2.12;博落回生物碱与茶皂素混剂对番茄灰霉病菌的联合毒力主要表现为相加作用;博落回生物碱与茶皂素质量比为1.8∶1.0的混剂对番茄晚疫病菌表现出较好的增效作用,增效系数为1.52。综上,博落回生物碱与茶皂素复配对辣椒疫霉病菌、瓜果腐霉病菌和番茄晚疫病菌具有明显的协同增效作用,对番茄灰霉病菌表现为相加作用。
To determine the combined toxicity of the Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin mixture against four vegetable pathogens, including Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum, P. infestans, and Botrytis cinerea, in order to provide a basis for the development of botanic pesticides of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin mixture, in this study, using the growth rate method, the EC50 values, toxicity ratios, and combined toxicity of the optimal ratio of the single agents of Macleaya alkaloids, tea saponin, and their mixture against the four pathogens mentioned above were determined. The results showed that the EC50 values for Macleaya alkaloids against P. capsici, P. aphanidermatum, P. infestans, and B. cinerea were 29.3, 89.0, 24.8, 29.6 μg/mL, respectively. The EC50 values for tea saponin against the same fungi were 90.0, 90.3, 55.2, 83.0 μg/mL. The screening results of toxicity ratios showed that when the EC50 percentage ratios of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin were at 90∶10, 80∶20, 70∶30, 60∶40, 50∶50, 40∶60, the toxicity ratios against P. capsici, were 1.30, 1.38, 1.45, 1.33, 1.29, 1.28, respectively, indicating a synergistic effect. Similarly, the toxicity ratios of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin at the EC50 percentage ratios of 40∶60 and 10∶90 against P. aphanidermatum were 1.26 and 1.28, respectively, also indicating a synergistic effect. At the EC50 percentage ratios of 80∶20 and 50∶50, the toxicity ratio of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin against P. infestans were 1.27 and 1.25, respectively, showing a synergistic effect. The combination of the Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin indicated an additive effect on Botrytis cinerea. The screening results of combined toxicity of the optimal ratio showed that the mixture with the mass ratios of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin with 1.0∶3.1 and 1.0∶4.6 had synergistic effects on P. capsici with a synergistic coefficient of 2.30 and 1.54, respectively. Additionally, the mixture with the mass ratios of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin with 1.0∶1.5 and 1.0∶9.1 showed a distinct synergistic effect on P. aphanidermatum, with a synergistic coefficient of 1.67 and 2.12, respectively. The combined toxicity of the Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin mixture against B. cinerea was mainly additive. Finally, the mixture with the mass ratios of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin with 1.8∶1.0 showed an obvious synergistic effect on P. infestans, with a synergistic coefficient of 1.52. Therefore, the combination of Macleaya alkaloids and tea saponin had an obvious synergistic effect on P. capsici, P. aphanidermatum, and P. infestans, while it showed an additive effect on B. cinerea.
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