In order to identify the quantitative trait loci(QTLs) that control the yield of castor bean, and lay a foundation for further QTL mapping study, in this study, 194 F2 population materials were obtained by hybridization from two parental resources with significant differences in agronomic traits. Fifteen main agronomic traits of the population were investigated and analyzed for genetic diversity analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. The results showed that the genetic variation coefficients of the 15 traits ranged from 12.80% to 56.30% and genetic diversity index ranged from 1.23 to 2.07, indicating significant differences in traits in the population, significant segregation of traits, and abundant phenotypic variation. The correlation analysis revealed that the yield per plant was extremely significantly positively correlated with the total number of capsules per plant, with the highest correlation coefficient of 0.940. Two important factors affecting yield per plant were obtained through stepwise regression analysis: total number of effective capsules, 100 grain weight. Four main factors were obtained by principal component analysis, and the cumulative contribution rate was 73.538%. According to the comprehensive scores, 194 population materials were divided into three categories. Cluster I was characterized by tall, stout plants, multiple ears, and high yield per plant. Cluster Ⅱ showed moderate plant height, capsule number, and yield per plant. Cluster Ⅲ showed shorter plant in height, shorter ear length, fewer number of effective branching ears and lower yield per plant. At last, five materials with better comprehensive performance were selected from this population.
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