雪茄烟苗期钾素营养特征及干物质的积累
李禹 , 姚恒 , 孔光辉 , 张光海 , 赵高坤 , 吴玉萍 , 李薇 , 李永平 , 王戈 , 白羽祥 , 周鹏 , 杜宇 , 王娜
山西农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (04) : 68 -75.
雪茄烟苗期钾素营养特征及干物质的积累
Potassium Nutrition Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Cigar Tobacco at Seedling Stage
为提高雪茄烟的品质,明确雪茄烟育苗阶段干物质积累及钾素吸收利用特性的很有必要,试验采用溶液培养方法,研究钾素供应水平(不供钾、正常供钾(1 L霍格兰氏营养液含有506 mg硝酸钾)、超量供钾(1 L霍格兰氏营养液含有506 mg硝酸钾+523.23 mg硫酸钾)对雪茄烟烟苗生长状况、干物质积累量及钾素吸收利用特性的影响。结果表明,钾素显著影响雪茄烟苗期形态建成。就烟苗农艺性状而言,水培45 d时,株高、茎围、最大叶长和最大叶宽均以正常供钾处理最高,分别为31.67、2.30、21.17、11.17 cm;烟苗干物质积累而言,不供钾处理在水培过程中干物质积累较为缓慢,超量供钾处理在水培15~30 d时累积量很小且缓慢,而水培30~45 d时积累量急剧增加;在钾素方面,与CK相比,超量供钾处理提高了烟株钾素含量,但钾素利用率却有所降低,在水培15、30、45 d时分别降低了1.48%、18.24%、11.45%。综上,缺钾从开始即影响烟苗生长,根系生长受抑制,缺钾症状典型特征15 d后逐步显现;钾素过量时,烟株前期长势稍好,中后期增效不明显,干物质积累在烟苗生长前期积累量小且缓慢,且钾素利用率低于正常施钾处理。
In order to improve the quality of cigar tobacco, clarify the characteristics of dry matter accumulation and potassium absorption and utilization at the seedling stage of cigar tobacco, in this study, the effects of potassium supply level( no potassium supply, normal potassium supply(Hoagland nutrient solution 1 L, containing potassium nitrate 506 mg), excessive potassium supply(Hoagland nutrient solution 1L, containing potassium nitrate 506 mg, adding 523.23 mg potassium sulfate) on the growth status, dry matter accumulation, and potassium absorption and utilization characteristics of cigar tobacco seedlings were studied by solution culture method. The results showed that potassium significantly affected the morphogenesis of cigar at the seedling stage. In terms of agronomic traits of tobacco seedlings, the plant height, stem circumference, maximum leaf length, and maximum leaf width were the highest under normal potassium supply treatment at 45 days of hydroponic culture, the trait values were 31.67 cm, 2.30 cm, 21.17 cm, and 11.17 cm, respectively. In terms of dry matter accumulation of tobacco seedlings, the dry matter accumulation of no potassium supply treatment was relatively slow during the hydroponic culture. The accumulation of the excessive potassium supply treatment was very small and slow at 15-30 d of hydroponic culture, while the accumulation increased sharply at 30-45 d of hydroponic culture. Compared with CK, the excessive potassium supply treatment increased the potassium content of tobacco plant, but the potassium utilization rate decreased, it decreased by 1.48%, 18.24%, and 11.45% respectively at 15 d, 30 d, and 45 d. In summary, potassium deficiency affected the growth of tobacco seedlings from the beginning, root growth was inhibited, and the typical characteristics of potassium deficiency symptoms gradually appeared after 15 days. When potassium was excessive, the growth of tobacco plants was slightly better in the early stage, and the efficiency was not obvious in the middle and late stages. The dry matter accumulation was small and slow in the early stage of tobacco seedling growth, and the potassium utilization rate was lower than that of normal potassium application treatment.
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中国烟草总公司云南省公司科技计划项目(2022530000241004)
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