In order to clarify the suitability of spring maize climate resources in Shanxi province, provide a certain reference for optimizing the planting layout of spring maize in Shanxi, in this study, temperature, precipitation, and light suitability models were constructed for the growth of spring maize in Shanxi province based on the variation domain values of meteorological elements during the growing season of spring maize in Shanxi province. A comprehensive climate suitability model for spring maize in Shanxi province was established by combining spring maize yield per unit area and planting area, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of temperature, precipitation, light, and comprehensive climate suitability were analyzed. The results showed that from the perspective of growth period, Shanxi spring maize had the best temperature suitability at the seedling stage, the worst at the milk maturity stage, the best precipitation suitability at the sowing and maturity stage, the worst at the tasseling stage, the best sunlight suitability at the seedling stage, and the worst at the maturity stage. From the perspective of spatial distribution, the temperature suitability of spring maize in Shanxi was not suitable in some areas of northwestern and eastern Shanxi. The suitability of precipitation was poor in the Jinzhong Basin, Datong Basin, and Xinding Basin, but suitable in the southeast. The suitability of sunlight gradually decreased from north to south. The comprehensive climate suitability showed that it was more suitable for planting maize in the most parts in northern and central Shanxi, but it was worse in the southeast. The meteorological factors affecting the yield per unit area of spring maize in Shanxi from large to small were sunshine, average temperature, and precipitation. The validation with actual yield showed that the climate suitability model established in this study could better reflect the distribution of climate suitability and yield change trends of spring maize in Shanxi.
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