Effects of Intermembranous Maize Soybean Intercropping on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield, and Water Use Efficiency of Maize in Loess Plateau Region
In order to screen for the optimal intercropping mode of maize soybean intercropping in the Loess Plateau area, in this study, an accurate and precise seeding technique with 3-5 cm film side was adopted. The experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Technology Extension Center Experimental Station in Shenmu city, Shaanxi province from 2022 to 2023, with six treatments including maize monoculture(CJCJ), soybean monoculture(SJSJ), maize soybean intercropping 2C2S(row ratio of maize and soybean was 2∶2), 2C4S(2∶4), 4C2S(4∶2), and 4C4S(4∶4), to study the effects of intermembranous maize soybean intercropping on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield, and water use efficiency of maize. The results showed that in 2022 and 2023, the net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate of the intercropping treatments at heading stage of maize were higher than those of CJCJ treatment, and there were significant differences in stomatal conductance among the treatments. From the perspective of the aboveground dry matter mass during the maturity period of maize in 2 years, the value of the 2C4S treatment increased by 3.27%-81.42% compared to each treatment, indicating that the treatment was beneficial for the accumulation of aboveground dry matter in intercropped maize. The maize yield of each treatment in the maize soybean intercropping mode was the highest in the 2C4S treatment, with population yield reaching 8 157.04 kg/ha and 13 506.62 kg/ha in 2 years, respectively, increased by 37.08% and 20.88% compared to the CJCJ treatment. The water use efficiency of 2C4S and 4C2S treatments was 3.04%-12.19% higher than that of CJCJ treatment in 2 years. In summary, the composite planting mode of maize soybean intercropping with a band pattern of 2∶4 row ratio in each intercropping treatment was the optimal ratio, it increased the total yield of maize in the planting system and was suitable for promotion and application in northern Shaanxi.
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