The purpose of improving the water and fertilizer retention performance of Mu Us Sandy Land is to provide theoretical support for the ecological protection and high-quality development of the "Ji" bend of the Yellow River. In order to explore the improvement effect of coal gangue on Mu Us Sandy Land, in this study, switch grass was taken as the indicator plant, and the content of soil conditioners of coal gangue was set to 0%(CK), 90%(ST1), 84%(ST2), 78%(ST3), 66%(ST4), and 54%(ST5) by random block method. The effects of soil conditioners with different coal gangue content on soil properties and agronomic indexes of switch grass in Mu Us Sandy Land were studied. The results showed that adding coal gangue soil conditioners could effectively improve the physical structure of aeolian sand soil. Among them, compared with CK, under ST1 treatment, water content increased the most, by 41.36%. The bulk density of soil under ST3 treatment decreased by 19.91% compared with CK. ST4 treatment had the most significant improvement on the porosity of aeolian sand soil, the value increased by 5.31% compared with CK. The soil conditioners of coal gangue promoted the growth of switch grass on sandy land. Compared with CK, the application of coal gangue soil conditioners could significantly increase the plant height of switch grass. Among them, ST4 treatment had the most significant increase effect on the plant height of switch grass, it increased by 54.3% compared with CK; ST2 treatment had the most significant increase effect on the aboveground biomass of switch grass and ST3 treatment had the most significant increase effect on the underground biomass, compared with CK, the increase of the biomass was 75.60% and 83.17%, respectively. Principal component analysis showed that ST2 had the best score in the treatment groups of coal gangue soil conditioners compared with CK, and the score was 0.40. Therefore, the best proportion of coal gangue soil conditioner to improve soil properties in Mu Us Sandy Land was 84%.
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