In order to study the effects of chemical control agents on plant stalk and yield traits of densely planted maize varieties, in this study, a new maize variety Yongyou 1583 with high yield was used as the research material, and a chemical control agent Yuhuangjin was sprayed at jointing stage to investigate the physiological, ecological and yield traits of maize plants at trumpet stage and filling stage respectively, the same amount of water sprayed was used as a control(CK). The results showed that Yuhuangjin treatment could lower the ear position, shorten the stalk internode between the 3rd and ear position node, increase the dry matter yield and lodging resistance. The use of Yuhuangjin control could make the stalks of 3 aboveground nodes and ear nodes thicker, the leaf area per plant decreased, and the chlorophyll content of plant leaves increased, which was conducive to the absorption of photosynthetic products and the transport of nutrients. In terms of yield traits, the use of chemical control agents could significantly increase the ear length, ear thickness, grain number per ear and 100 seed weight of the maize variety. Compared with the water control, the yield of the maize variety treated with Yuhuangjin in 2022 and 2023 increased by 1 121.55 and 1 028.64 kg/ha, respectively, the increase in yield reached 9.36% and 8.5%, respectively, with significant differences. Therefore, the chemical control agent Yuhuangjin could optimize the maize plant growth index, enhance the lodging resistance of the stalk, improve the yield trait index, increase the variety adaptability under dense planting conditions, and finally realize the efficient yield increase of maize varieties.
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