外源调节物质对硃砂烟生长、产质量及病害的影响
陈贵云 , 李昌丝 , 蔡芝燕 , 李洪涛 , 代惠娟 , 朱宏强 , 王圣丰 , 关辉 , 王戈 , 王娜 , 杜宇 , 周鹏 , 白羽祥 , 周艳宾
山西农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (06) : 70 -78.
外源调节物质对硃砂烟生长、产质量及病害的影响
Effects of Exogenous Regulators on Growth, Yield, Quality and Disease of Zhusha Tobacco
为探究植物外源调节物质对硃砂烟(Nicotiana tabacum L.)生长、产质量及病害的影响,初步明确外源调节物质在硃砂烟提质增效上的应用潜力,以硃砂烟1号为试验材料,设置常规清水处理(A1,CK)、多利维生(A2)、精氨酸-硼锌复合物(A3)和氯化胆碱(A4)共4个处理,对比分析各处理烟株的生育期、农艺性状、病害发病情况、光合特性、经济性状、原烟外观质量和烤后烟叶化学成分。结果表明,相较于A1,施用3种外源调节物质后,烟株各生育期均有所延长;株高、茎围、有效叶片数和最大叶面积均有显著增加,增幅分别为2.21%~6.56%、12.96%~19.79%、3.13%~7.85%和2.21%~6.56%;烟株主要病害发病率和发病程度显著降低,花叶病、气候性斑点病、黑胫病和脉斑病毒病发病率分别降低23.21%~36.71%、15.03%~21.29%、17.3%~27.48%、4.74%~28.86%;叶片光合特性明显增强,净光合速率增加2.46%~7.85%;烤后烟叶产量、均价、产值和中上等烟比例显著增加,分别增加1.81%~3.35%、1.12%~8.69%、2.98%~12.28%和0.18%~1.88%;化学成分含量和协调性及感官质量更优。综上所述,施用多利维生、精氨酸-硼锌复合物和氯化胆碱均能有效促进硃砂烟的生长发育、降低病害发生率,并显著提升烟叶品质,其中以施用多利维生效果最佳。
In order to explore the effects of plant exogenous regulators on the growth, yield, quality, and disease of Zhusha tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.), preliminarily clarify the potential application of these regulators in improving the quality and efficiency of Zhusha tobacco, in this study, Zhushayan 1 was used as the experimental material, and four treatments were set up: local conventional control(A1), Duolilai(A2), arginine-boron-zinc complex(A3), and choline chloride(A4). The growth period, agronomic traits, disease incidence, photosynthetic characteristics, economic traits, appearance quality of raw tobacco, and chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves were compared and analyzed. The results showed that compared to the local conventional treatment(A1), the growth periods of tobacco plants were prolonged after the application of the three exogenous regulators. The plant height, stem girth, number of effective leaves, and maximum leaf area increased significantly by 2.21%-6.56%, 12.96%-19.79%, 3.13%-7.85%, and 2.21%-6.56%, respectively. The morbidity and severity of the main diseases affecting tobacco plants were significantly reduced. The morbidity of mosaic disease, climatic spot disease, black shink disease, and plaque virus diseasedecreased by 23.21%-36.71%, 15.03%-21.29%, 17.3%-27.48%, and 4.74%-28.86%, respectively. The photosynthetic characteristics of the leaves were significantly enhanced, with the net photosynthetic rate increasing by 2.46%-7.85%.The yield, average price, output value, and proportion of middle and superior tobacco leaves increased significantly by 1.81%-3.35%, 1.12%-8.69%, 2.98%-12.28%, and 0.18%-1.88%, respectively. The chemical composition content, coordination, and sensory quality were significantly improved as well. In summary, the application of Duolilai, arginine-boron-zinc complex, and choline chloride could effectively promote the growth and development of Zhusha tobacco, reduce the incidence of diseases, and significantly improve the quality of tobacco leaves. Among these treatments, Duolilai had the best effect.
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河北中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目(2022130000340019)
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