In this study, a sesame stress resistant variety, Shangzhi 196, was used as the experimental material, and the sesame field soil with continuous cropping for 5 years was used for pot experiment. Four treatments were set up: conventional fertilization treatment(CK), conventional fertilization+biochar(T1), conventional fertilization+biological organic fertilizer(T2), conventional fertilization+biochar+biological organic fertilizer(T3) to explore the effects of biochar combined with biological organic fertilizer on the physicochemical properties, microbial quantity, enzyme activity, and incidence rate of common sesame diseases of sesame continuous cropping soil. The results showed that compared with CK, T3 treatment significantly increased soil alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter content, and pH value by 7.85%, 37.78%, 38.72%, 36.32%, and 21.67%, respectively. The number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the soil increased significantly by 30.11% and 15.72%, respectively, while the number of fungi decreased significantly by 10.55%; At different growth stages of sesame, the soil enzyme activity of each fertilization treatment was higher than that of the control treatment. Among them, T3 treatment increased the catalase activity in the seedling stage, full flowering stage, and mature stage by 11.37%, 15.68%, and 54.68% respectively compared to CK, and the alkaline phosphatase activity increased by 14.47%, 21.57%, and 26.39% respectively compared to CK. In addition, the incidence rate of sesame wilt and stem spot blight decreased by 18.16% and 41.21% respectively. The number of seeds per capsule, one thousand grain weight, and yield of sesame increased by 15.70%, 22.17%, and 35.15%, respectively. In summary, conventional fertilization+biochar+biological organic fertilizer treatment could effectively improve the physicochemical properties of sesame continuous cropping soil, increase enzyme activity and microbial quantity in sesame root zone soil, reduce the incidence of main diseases.
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