To enable the rapid and accurate monitoring of leaf area index(LAI) in winter wheat under drought conditions, for providing theoretical and technical support for the safe production of winter wheat in arid and semi-arid regions of China and providing reference for rapid and accurate monitoring of winter wheat LAI under drought conditions. In this study, taking winter wheat under different drought conditions as the research object, the LAI and canopy hyperspectral reflectance of winter wheat in key reproductive period was measured the response trend between LAI and hyperspectral reflectance was explored, and the raw spectral reflectance(R) was pre-processed using three methods includingfirst-order differentiation(1ST), standard normal variation(SNV), and logarithmic transformation(Log). The correlation between spectral reflectance and LAI after different preprocesses was comparatively analyzed, and the partial least squares regression(PLSR) algorithm was employed to construct models for monitoring LAI in winter wheat under different pretreatments. The results indicated that spectral reflectance exhibited a gradual increase in tandem with rising LAI in the visible region and the 1100–1800 nm spectral region. All three preprocessing methods improved the correlation between spectral reflectance and LAI of winter wheat, with the highest correlation following 1ST pretreatment, which reached 0.550 at 1209 nm. The LAI monitoring model for winter wheat constructed using PLSR based on 1ST preprocessed spectral reflectance performed the best. Compared to the R-PLSR model, the r2 of the 1ST-PLSR correction model and validation model increased by 42.974% and 8.842%, while the root mean square error decreased by 33.710% and 8.111%, and the ratio of performance to deviation increased by 50.838% and 8.813%.
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