苍耳不同溶剂提取物对棉铃虫的生物活性
Biological Activity of Different Solvent Extracts from Xanthium sibiricum on Cotton Bollworm
棉铃虫是一种高度适应性害虫,它通过啃食花生叶片和钻蛀花蕾影响叶片光合作用和结实,导致花生产量大幅下降,可使花生减产20%~50%,甚至导致花生绝收。为减少花生田化学农药使用量,保护生态环境,以苍耳为材料,通过喷雾法和浸叶法研究苍耳不同溶剂甲醇、氯仿、乙酸乙酯提取物对棉铃虫幼虫的杀虫活性。结果发现,苍耳不同溶剂提取物对棉铃虫3龄幼虫均有触杀、拒食、胃毒和生长抑制作用,提取物浓度越高,效果越明显,其中氯仿提取物作用效果好于甲醇提取物和乙酸乙酯提取物。表明苍耳活性成分在不同溶剂中的溶解度存在差异,从而影响其对棉铃虫的毒性效果。氯仿提取物72 h后触杀致死中浓度(LC50)为0.246 5 g/L;24 h的选择性拒食中浓度(AFC50)为0.188 0 g/L,非选择性AFC50为0.188 7 g/L;氯仿提取物处理7 d后胃毒LC50为0.389 7 g/L;氯仿提取物处理72 h后对棉铃虫生长的IC50为0.011 2 g/L,表明该提取物不仅能致死幼虫,还能显著抑制其生长。因此,苍耳氯仿提取物对棉铃虫幼虫具有较高的杀虫活性,苍耳作为一种植物源农药具有研发潜力。
Cotton bollworm(Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)), as a pest with high adaptability, impacts photosynthesis and fruit of peanuts by feeding on foliage and boring the flower buds resulting in a significant decrease in peanut yield. The pest can reduce the peanut yield by 20% to 50%, and even lead to peanut failure in severe cases. In order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides in peanut fields and protect the ecological environment, in this study, using Xanthium sibiricum as the material, the insecticidal activity of Xanthium sibiricum extracts against cotton bollworm larvae was determined by the spray method and leaf soaking method. The results showed that extracts from different solvents of Xanthium sibiricum had contact killing, antifeedant, gastric toxicity, and growth inhibition effects on the 3rd instar larvae of cotton bollworm. The higher the concentration of the extracts were, the more obvious the effect was. Among them, the effect of chloroform extract against cotton bollworms was better than that of methanol extract and ethyl acetate extract. This indicated that the active components solubilities of Xanthium sibiricum were different in various solvents, thereby its toxicity against cotton bollworm larvae was affected. The contact-killing lethal concentration(LC50) of chloroform extract after 72 h was 0.246 5 g/L. The concentration of selective antifeedant activity(AFC50) was 0.188 0 g/L at 24 h, and the concentration of non-selective AFC50 was 0.188 7 g/L. After 7 days of treatment with chloroform extract, the LC50 of gastric toxicity was 0.389 7 g/L. After 72 h of treatment with chloroform extract, the IC50 was 0.011 2 g/L. This indicated that the extracts not only killed larvae but also significantly inhibited their growth. Therefore, the chloroform extract of Xanthium sibiricum had high insecticidal activity against cotton bollworm larvae, and Xanthium sibiricum had potential for research and development as a plant-based pesticide.
Xanthium sibiricum / extracts / Helicoverpa armigera / leaf soaking method / insecticidal activity
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