不同种植密度对夏玉米产量及农艺性状的影响
孟战赢 , 王育红 , 郭党 , 吴丽娜 , 田文仲 , 李俊红 , 李芳 , 吕军杰
山西农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (03) : 50 -57.
不同种植密度对夏玉米产量及农艺性状的影响
Effects of Different Planting Densities on Yield and Agronomic Traits of Summer Maize
为探究不同夏玉米品种在豫西地区高产条件下适宜的种植密度,进一步提高夏玉米单产水平,以6个综合性状优良、豫西地区种植面积较大的夏玉米品种郑单958、豫单888、洛单30、漯玉16、登海605、登海187为试验材料,设置6.0万株/hm2(CK)和7.5、9.0万株/hm2共3个种植密度,分析产量、产量构成因素、叶面积和单株干物质量等差异。结果表明,种植密度由6.0万株/hm2增加至7.5万株/hm2,产量增加0.2%~12.0%;种植密度由7.5万株/hm2增加至9.0万株/hm2,产量增加-2.74%~9.80%;随着种植密度增加,玉米穗长减少,秃尖长增加,穗粒数减少,百粒质量降低,单株干物质量减小,叶面积系数(LAI)增加。相关分析结果显示,产量与穗粒数、百粒质量、LAI和吐丝期单株干物质量存在极显著正相关,与秃尖长存在极显著负相关。综上可知,在该试验条件下,郑单958、漯玉16适宜的种植密度是7.5万株/hm2,洛单30、豫单888、登海605和登海187适宜的种植密度是9.0万株/hm2。
In order to explore the suitable planting densities of different varieties of summer maize under the high yield condition in the Western Henan region and further improve the yield level of summer maize, in this study, six varieties with excellent comprehensive traits and large planting areas, Zhengdan 958, Yudan 888, Luodan 30, Luoyu 16, Denghai 605, and Denghai 187, were used as experimental materials. Three planting densities were set: 60 000 plants/ha(CK), 75 000 plants/ha, and 90 000 plants/ha, the difference of the traits such as yield, yield component factor, leaf area, and dry matter per plant was analyzed. The results showed that the yield increased from 0.2% to 12.0% as the planting density increased from 60000 plants/ha to 75 000 plants/ha, and it increased from -2.74 to 9.80% as the planting density increased from 75 000 plants/ha to 90 000 plants/ha. As the planting density increased, the ear length decreased, the bald tip increased, the grains per ear decreased, the 100-grain weight decreased, the dry matter weight per plant decreased, and the leaf area index(LAI) increased. Correlation analysis showed that there was an extremely significantly positive correlation between yield and the grains per ear, 100-grain weight, LAI, and dry matter weight per plant during the silking stage, and an extremely significantly negative correlation with bald tip. In conclusion, under the experiment conditions, the suitable planting density for Zhengdan 958 and Luoyu 16 was 75 000 plants/ha, while the suitable planting density for Luodan 30, Yudan 888, Denghai 605, and Denghai 187 was 90 000 plants/ha.
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