In order to explore the feasibility and optimal proportions of seedling substrates with different ratios of fly ash, in this study, tomatoes were selected as the test material. Seven treatments were set up, with a commercial substrate as the control group(CK), and 10% and 30% of fly ash mixtures were mixed with vermiculite at ratios of 1∶1, 1∶2, and 1∶4, respectively, designated as M11, M12, M14, H11, H12, and H14. The physicochemical properties of the composite substrates, including bulk density, porosity, air-water ratio, pH, conductivity, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium, were examined. Additionally, the growth and physiological indices of tomato seedlings, such as plant height, stem thickness, biomass, root-crown ratio, seedling index, SOD activity, POD activity, CAT activity, MDA content, and chlorophyll content, were investigated. The results showed that fly ash seedling substrate could significantly increase the plant height, stem thickness, biomass, root-crown ratio, and chlorophyll content of tomato seedlings, promoting their growth. Specifically, compared with the control group, the H12 treatment(30% of fly ash∶vermiculite=1∶2) showed significant increases in plant height, stem thickness, and chlorophyll content by 22.3%, 23.6%, and 8.7%, respectively, and both POD and SOD activities were significantly higher than those of other treatments. The H12 treatment was found to have the highest score through principal component analysis and comprehensive evaluation. The appropriate fly ash ratio could improve the growth physiology of tomato seedlings and the overall growth of tomato seedlings was better when the substrate consisted of 30% of fly ash compost and vermiculite at a ratio of 1∶2.
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