腐植酸与阿氏芽孢杆菌配施对新疆盐碱土改良效果研究
张子怡 , 王学虎 , 苑莹 , 沈志峰 , 史瑞涛 , 黄志浩
山西农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (03) : 68 -75.
腐植酸与阿氏芽孢杆菌配施对新疆盐碱土改良效果研究
Improvement Effect of Combined Application of Humic Acid and Bacillus aryabhattai on Saline Alkali Soil in Xinjiang
为了改善新疆巴州地区土壤盐碱化问题,探究合适的调控方法,研究分析腐植酸与微生物菌剂对盐碱地的改良效果,试验设置4个施肥处理,即常规用肥(15-15-15复合肥750 kg/hm2,CK)、常规用肥+微生物菌肥(15-15-15复合肥750 kg/hm2+微生物菌肥75 kg/hm2,T1)、常规用肥+腐植酸(15-15-15复合肥750 kg/hm2+腐植酸150 kg/hm2,T2)、常规用肥+微生物菌肥+腐植酸(15-15-15复合肥750 kg/hm2+微生物菌肥75 kg/hm2+腐植酸150 kg/hm2,T3),测定不同土层的理化性质、土壤酶活性及微生物数量。结果表明,常规用肥+微生物菌肥+腐植酸(T3)处理对土壤的改良效果最为显著,与CK相比,该处理下0~20 cm土层中全氮含量、有效磷含量、速效钾含量、有机质含量、蔗糖酶活性、脲酶活性、过氧化氢酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性以及微生物总量分别提高了15.9%、42.6%、45.1%、79.0%、37.6%、43.9%、118.3%、74.4%、136.7%;pH、EC、容重分别降低了11.7%、14.2%、10.9%;20~40 cm土层与0~20 cm土层各指标相比,土壤肥力、土壤酶活性、微生物量以及土壤物理性质改良效果略低。相关性分析结果表明,土壤肥力各指标与土壤微生物量、酶活性呈正相关,与土壤pH值、EC值、容重呈负相关。综上,腐植酸和微生物菌肥配施对0~20 cm与20~40 cm 土壤改善效果较佳,是改良盐碱土壤的有效手段之一。
To improve the soil salinization and alkalization problem in the Bayingolin Mongol Autonomous Prefecture of Xinjiang, and to explore appropriate control methods, in this study, the improvement effects of humic acid and microbial agents on saline-alkali soil were studied and analyzed. Four fertilization treatments were set up: conventional fertilizer(CK, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha), conventional fertilizer+microbial fertilizer(T1, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha+microbial fertilizer 75 kg/ha), conventional fertilizer+humic acid(T2, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha+humic acid 150 kg/ha), and conventional fertilizer+microbial fertilizer+humic acid(T3, 15-15-15 compound fertilizer 750 kg/ha+microbial fertilizer 75 kg/ha+humic acid 150 kg/ha). The physical and chemical properties, soil enzyme activity, and microbial count of different soil layers were determined. The results showed that the treatment of conventional fertilizer+microbial fertilizer+humic acid(T3) had the most significant improvement effect on soil. Compared with CK, the nitrogen content, available phosphorus content, available potassium content, organic matter content, the activity of sucrase, urease, catalase and alkaline phosphatase, and total microbial quantity in the 0-20 cm soil layer increased by 15.9%, 42.6%, 45.1%, 79.0%, 37.6%, 43.9%, 118.3%, 74.4%, and 136.7% respectively. pH, EC, and bulk density decreased by 11.7%, 14.2%, and 10.9% respectively. Compared with the indexes in the 0-20 cm soil layer, the improvement effects of soil fertility, soil enzyme activity, microbial biomass, and soil physical properties in the 20-40 cm soil layer were slightly lower. Correlation analysis showed that each index of soil fertility was positively correlated with soil microbial biomass and enzyme activity, and negatively correlated with soil pH value, EC value and bulk density.In conclusion, the combined application of humic acid and microbial fertilizer had the best improvement effect on the 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil, and it was one of the effective means to improve saline-alkali soil.
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