基于无人机遥感的小麦倒伏监测及灾损评估
Wheat Lodging Monitoring and Disaster Damage Assessment Based on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Remote Sensing
小麦倒伏不仅通过影响光合作用造成小麦产量和品质的降低,还影响后期机收作业。为了准确及时地确定小麦倒伏区域和灾损情况,基于田间小麦倒伏试验和无人机遥感监测影像,构建了小麦抽穗期、开花期和灌浆期多生长阶段的倒伏数据,分析了不同生育时期和不同程度倒伏小麦的光谱特点和灾损情况,并进行了灾损与光谱特征的相关性分析。结果显示,与正常小麦相比,轻度倒伏后,小麦蓝、绿、红、红边和近红外波段反射率分别增加41%、38%、33%、34%和23%;重度倒伏后,小麦蓝、绿、红、红边和近红外波段反射率分别增加了96%、91%、84%、88%和59%。正常小麦从抽穗期到灌浆期,蓝、绿、红、红边、近红外波段反射率和植被指数GNDVI、NLI、DVI呈现先升高后降低的趋势,植被指数NDVI、NDRE、LCI、OSAVI呈现逐渐降低的趋势;而倒伏小麦,从抽穗期到灌浆期,蓝、绿、红、红边、近红外波段反射率呈现先降低后升高的趋势,植被指数NDVI、OSAVI、NLI和DVI呈现逐渐降低的趋势,植被指数GNDVI、NDRE和LCI呈现先升高后降低的趋势。抽穗期轻度和重度倒伏造成的小麦产量分别减少2.4%和5.4%;开花期轻度和重度倒伏造成小麦产量分别减少3.5%和8.4%;灌浆期轻度和重度倒伏造成小麦产量分别减少5.9%和12.5%。进一步分析发现,各个生育时期轻度和重度倒伏造成的小麦减产主要是由千粒质量和穗粒数下降造成的。倒伏小麦产量差值与倒伏图像光谱特征相关关系的显著程度由强到弱依次为灌浆期>开花期>抽穗期。倒伏小麦产量灾损监测模型的敏感光谱特征包括开花期和灌浆期蓝、绿、红波段光谱反射率差值,开花期植被指数NDVI、GNDVI差值,灌浆期红边、近红外波段光谱反射率差值与植被指数NDRE、LCI、NLI、DVI差值。
Wheat lodging not only reduces yield and quality by impairing photosynthesis, but also affects subsequent operation of wheat harvesting machine. To accurately and timely identify wheat lodging areas and assess damage severity, in this study, a multi-growth-stage lodging dataset(heading, flowering, and filling stages) was constructed based on field wheat lodging experiments and UAV remote sensing monitoring. The spectral characteristics of lodging wheat and associated damage levels were analyzed across different growth stages and lodging intensities. Furthermore, correlation analyses between spectral features and damage severity were conducted. The results showed the following: compared with normal wheat, the reflectance of blue, green, red, red edge, and near infrared bands of mild lodging wheat increased by 41%, 38%, 33%, 34% and 23%, respectively. The reflectance of heavy lodging wheat increased by 96%, 91%, 84%, 88% and 59%, respectively. For normal wheat, the reflectance of blue, green, red, red edge, near infrared bands and vegetation index GNDVI, NLI, and DVI increased first and then decreased, while vegetation index NDVI, NDRE, LCI, and OSAVI decreased gradually from heading stage to filling stage. For lodging wheat, the reflectance of blue, green, red, red edge and near red bands of lodging wheat decreased first and then increased from heading stage to filling stage. NDVI, OSAVI, NLI, and DVI showed a progressive decline, whereas GNDVI, NDRE, and LCI demonstrated an initial increase followed by a subsequent decrease during the same developmental stages. The yield losses of wheat was 2.4% and 5.4% under mild and heavy lodging at the heading stage, 3.5% and 8.4% at the flowering stage, and 5.9% and 12.5% at the filling stage, respectively. Further analysis revealed that wheat yield reduction caused by mild and heavy lodging across all growth stages was primarily attributed to the decline in both 1000-grain weight and grains per spike. The significance of correlation between yield differential of lodging wheat and image-spectral characteristics was ranked from strong to weak as filling stage>flowering stage>heading stage.The sensitive spectral features of the lodged wheat yield loss monitoring model included: differences in spectral reflectance of blue, green, and red bands during flowering and filling stages; differences in vegetation indexes(NDVI and GNDVI) during flowering stage; and differences in spectral reflectance of red-edge and near-infrared bands along with differences in vegetation indexes(NDRE, LCI, NLI, and DVI) during filling stage.
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